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Historical Introduction CCC Hindustani Classical Music. NOTES.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Introduction: History means to uncover the mystery of different grades of evolution. Material of music can be found from: Treatise on music written by different authors of different times Rock cut temples and inscriptions Sculptures Paintings Copper plates, coins of different times Writings of foreign writers on Indian music as well as music of the other nations Private diaries of musicians Local traditions transmitted orally By folklores Several periods of music and culture are: Pre Vedic Vedic Hindu Buddhist Mohammed British and Post British (Modern) These divisions were not enough, so better divisions were made and they are: Ancient Mediaeval and Modern Grand culture and civilization of the pre historic Indus valley were done by Aryans /Vedic Aryans, who were original dwellers of India, never came from central Asia or any other part outside India. Another opinion is original builders of pre historic civilization were ‘Dravidians’ and not the Vedic Aryans. Rules and regulations governing the RC Vedic age songs are found in :
Siksas Brahamana literature Vedic Samaganas – when RC stanzas were set tunes Narada Siksa has full description of ‘samans’ and different methods of singing Vedic Svaras are: Prathama Dvitiya Tritiya Caturtha Mandra (panchama) Atiskaraya (sastha) Krustha (saptama) When texts are sung with elongated vowels they are known as Stobhas Stobhas were divided into: Varna stobha Pada stobha Vakkya stobha Yama – Vedic tones which were used to control and maintain the structure of ‘Samaganas’ The history of development of classical music in South India is also interesting. In ancient time there was no artificial line of demarcation, dividing the music of India into Northern and Southern categories. During 14th.-16th. Century A.D Madhava Vidyaranya (1302 – 1387) A.D Ramamatya (1550 A.D) Pandarika Vitthalaya (1590 A.D) came and propagated ‘Janya-Janak’ principle of ragas. The system of South Indian music gradually began to take new shape, afterwards became different from North Indian Classical music. Afterwards Somnath (1609 A.D) Govinda Dixit (1614 A.D) Venkatamukhi (1620 A.D) came out with new vision. The tonal form of most of the South Indian system were also different from those of North.
based on a particular raga with different rhythms and different styles. In a true raga song, pattern is supreme.