Download History 101 Unit 1 Vocabulary Part 2 | HIST - World History and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity!
Lydia
Ancient land, western Anatolia. Located in present-day Turkey, it was bounded on the west by the Aegean Sea and profoundly influenced the Ionian Greeks in the 7th6th centuries B.C. through such economic developments as the use of metallic coinage. It was conquered by the Persians under Cyrus II in 546 B.C. It later passed to Syria and Pergamum, and under the Romans it became part of the province of Asia. TERM 2
Tanakh
DEFINITION 2 The sacred book of Judaism, consisting of the Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings; the Hebrew Scriptures. TERM 3
Torah
DEFINITION 3
1. The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures. 2. A scroll of parchment containing the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, used in a synagogue during services. 3. The entire body of religious law and learning including both sacred literature and oral tradition. TERM 4
Abraham
DEFINITION 4 The first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. TERM 5
Moses
DEFINITION 5 The Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of Egypt and delivered the Law during their years of wandering in the wilderness.
10 Commandments
The ethical commandments of God given according to biblical accounts to Moses by voice and by writing on stone tablets on Mount Sina. TERM 7
David
DEFINITION 7 The second king of Judah and Israel. According to the Bible, he slew the Philistine giant Goliath and succeeded Saul as king. He is the reputed author of many of the Psalms. TERM 8
Solomon
DEFINITION 8 The second king of the Hebrews (about 1000962 B.C.), who united Israel as a kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital. TERM 9
Jezebel
DEFINITION 9 Phoenician princess and queen of Israel as the wife of Ahab. According to the Bible, she encouraged idolatry and was ultimately killed by Jehu. TERM 10
Tiglath-Pilezer III
DEFINITION 10 Reigned circa 745727 B.C. He brought the Assyrian empire to the height of its power by subduing large parts of Syria and Palestine, and he conquered Babylonia.
Cyrus
King of Persia 559530 B.C.; founder of the Achaemenid dynasty; father of Cambyses; known as Cyrus the Great. He defeated the Median empire in 550 B.C. and went on to conquer Asian Minor, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and most of the Iranian plateau. He is said to have ruled with wisdom and moderation, maintaining good relations with the Jews (whom he freed from the Babylonian Captivity) and the Phoenicians. TERM 17
Darius I
DEFINITION 17 King of Persia (521-486) who expanded the empire, organized a highly efficient administrative system, and invaded Greece, only to be defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490. TERM 18
Ahura Mazda
DEFINITION 18 The chief deity of Zoroastrianism, the creator of the world, the source of light, and the embodiment of good. Also called Ohrmazd. TERM 19
Satrapies
DEFINITION 19
1. The territory or sphere under the rule of a satrap. 2. A nation, state, territory, or area controlled as if by a satrap. 3. The system of provincial governments ruled by satraps, each of whom answered to the Persian emperor. TERM 20
Royal Road
DEFINITION 20 An ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century B.C.
Zoroaster
628-551 B.C., Persian prophet; founder of Zoroastrianism. TERM 22
Zend Avesta
DEFINITION 22 The body of sacred writings of the Zoroastrian religion. TERM 23
Iliad
DEFINITION 23 The older of the two surviving ancient Greek epic poems, traditionally ascribed to Homer but containing material composed orally over several centuries. It begins with the wrathful withdrawal of the Greek hero Achilles from the fighting in the Trojan War and ends after his return to slay the Trojan hero Hector. TERM 24
Penelope
DEFINITION 24 The wife of Odysseus, who remained true to him during his long absence despite the importunities of many suitors TERM 25
Arete
DEFINITION 25 The aggregate of qualities, as valor and virtue, making up good character.
