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Romulus and Rumus
Twin brothers who were the legendary founders of Rome in 750 B.C.E. TERM 2
Imperium
DEFINITION 2 The supreme power, held esp by consuls and emperors, to command and administer in military, judicial, and civil affairs. TERM 3
Mos maiorum
DEFINITION 3 The unwritten code from which the ancient Romans derived their social norms. It is the core concept of Roman traditionalism, distinguished from but in dynamic complement to written law. TERM 4
Dignitas and Pietas
DEFINITION 4
- The sum of the personal clout and influence that a male citizen acquired throughout his life. It included personal reputation, moral standing, and ethical worth and the man's entitlement to respect and proper treatment as well.2. The greatest Roman virtue and the sense of duty toward gods, family, friends, and country. TERM 5
Patricians and Plebians
DEFINITION 5
- The most privileged of the early Roman citizens, equivalent to aristocrats.2. The less privileged of the early Roman citizens; later, the generic term for Roman citizens.
Senate
Primary governing body of the Roman republic; its members were senators. TERM 7
Lares and Penates
DEFINITION 7
- The spirits who, if propitiated, watched over the house or community to which they belonged.2. Gods who watched over the home or community to which they belonged: originally, two deities of the storeroom. TERM 8
Numina
DEFINITION 8 Formless forces of nature that controlled the natural environment. TERM 9
Pontifex Maximus
DEFINITION 9 An ancient title for the chief priest of Rome. TERM 10
Paterfamilias
DEFINITION 10 Head of a Roman family, with life-and-death power over family members.
Hannibal
(ca. 247-183 B.C.E.)Carthaginian general who invaded Italy in 218 B.C.E., beginning the Second Punic War. TERM 17
Scripio Africanus
DEFINITION 17 (ca. 236-183 B.C.E.)Roman general who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.E. TERM 18
Cato the Elder
DEFINITION 18 234-149 B.C., Roman statesman and writer, noted for his relentless opposition to Carthage. TERM 19
Tiberius Gracchus
DEFINITION 19 42 B.C.-37 A.D., Roman emperor (14-37 A.D.). He succeeded his father-in-law Augustus after a brilliant military career. He was a suspicious tyrannical ruler. TERM 20
Gaius Gracchus
DEFINITION 20 Roman emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity. He was noted for his cruelty and tyranny and was assassinated (12- 41 A.D.).
Marius
15586 B.C., Roman general and consul. He defeated Jugurtha, the Cimbri, and the Teutons (107101 B.C.), but his rivalry with Sulla caused civil war (88 B.C.). He was exiled but returned (87 A.D.) and took Rome. TERM 22
Sulla
DEFINITION 22 13878 B.C., Roman general and dictator (8279 A.D.). He introduced reforms to strengthen the power of the Senate. TERM 23
Spartacus
DEFINITION 23 A Roman slave of the first century B.C. He led an insurrection of slaves that defeated several Roman armies before being crushed. TERM 24
Cicero
DEFINITION 24 Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher. A major figure in the last years of the Republic, he is best known for his orations against Catiline and for his mastery of Latin prose. His later writings introduced Greek philosophy to Rome. TERM 25
Julius Caesar
DEFINITION 25 Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain, crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen, returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life. On March 15, 44 B.C., he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself.
