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Definitions and brief descriptions of key figures, historians, monuments, texts, and events in roman history and culture. It includes information on emperors like augustus and nero, historians such as suetonius and tacitus, monuments like the ara pacis and the flavian amphitheater, and texts like the aeneid and the metamorphoses. The document also covers important concepts like pax romana and coloni.
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First emperor of Rome (27 B.C.-14 A.D.) and grandnephew of Julius Caesar. Born Gaius Octavius, he took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus often referred to simply as Octavian in English texts in after Caesar's assassination. He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra and subsequently gained control over the empire. In 27 B.C., he was named emperor and given the honorary title Augustus. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Roman historian whose major work, Lives of the Caesars, which is an account of the lives of the first 12 Roman emperors. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Any of various high officials with primarily judicial and administrative responsibilities. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5 Roman poet and author of the Aeneid, which tells the story of a Trojan who traveled to Italy to become the ancestor of the Romans.
Roman poet whose verse includes poems on love and myth. Author of Metamorphoses, a mythological hexameter poem. TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 A major Augustan monument with lots of textual, epigraphic, and numismatic evidence which was built to commemorate Augustus' return from Spain and Gaul. TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 The terms of peace imposed by ancient Rome on its dominions in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Emperor of Rome (54-68 B.C.) whose early reign was dominated by his mother, Agrippina the Younger. He had his mother and wife murdered, and he may have set the Great Fire of Rome (64 B.C.). His cruelty and irresponsibility provoked widespread revolts, which led to his suicide. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Emperor of Rome (117-138 B.C.) who sought to end distinctions between Rome and the Roman provinces. During his visit to Britain (122 B.C.), he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall.
City on the Bay of Naples destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 C.E. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Tenant farmers who worked sections of large estates in exchange for a percentage of their crops. TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 (r. 161-180 C.E.)Roman emperor who fought German invasions and practiced Stoicism. TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 Emperor of Rome (A.D. 270-275) who held the barbarians in check beyond the Rhine River and regained Britain, Gaul, Spain, Syria, and Egypt for the empire. TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 A rebellion of the Jews of Judea Province, led by Simon bar Kochba, against the Roman Empire.
Written collection of Jewish law compiled about 200 C.E. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 Collection of Jewish teachings that serve as the comprehensive guide to Jewish life. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 (d. 33 C.E.)Founder of Christianity, whom Christians believe was the Son of God and the Jewish Messiah. TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 Belief that Christian bishops receive their authority by being direct successors to Jesus' Apostles. TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Christian martyr who wrote The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, a journal recounting her trial and imprisonment that was continued by a contemporary who described Perpetua's death in the arena. Both her martyrdom and its account have been highly revered by ancient and modern Christians.