Download Roman History and Culture: Key Figures, Monuments, and Texts and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity!
Augustus
First emperor of Rome (27 B.C.-14 A.D.) and grandnephew of Julius Caesar. Born Gaius Octavius, he took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus often referred to simply as Octavian in English texts in after Caesar's assassination. He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra and subsequently gained control over the empire. In 27 B.C., he was named emperor and given the honorary title Augustus. TERM 2
Suetonius
DEFINITION 2 Roman historian whose major work, Lives of the Caesars, which is an account of the lives of the first 12 Roman emperors. TERM 3
Praetorian prefect
DEFINITION 3 Any of various high officials with primarily judicial and administrative responsibilities. TERM 4
Decurions
DEFINITION 4
- An officer in command of ten men in the army of ancient Rome.2. A member of a municipal senate in ancient Rome who ran local government. TERM 5
Vergil/Aeneid
DEFINITION 5 Roman poet and author of the Aeneid, which tells the story of a Trojan who traveled to Italy to become the ancestor of the Romans.
Ovid/Metamorphoses
Roman poet whose verse includes poems on love and myth. Author of Metamorphoses, a mythological hexameter poem. TERM 7
Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace)
DEFINITION 7 A major Augustan monument with lots of textual, epigraphic, and numismatic evidence which was built to commemorate Augustus' return from Spain and Gaul. TERM 8
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
DEFINITION 8 The terms of peace imposed by ancient Rome on its dominions in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. TERM 9
Nero
DEFINITION 9 Emperor of Rome (54-68 B.C.) whose early reign was dominated by his mother, Agrippina the Younger. He had his mother and wife murdered, and he may have set the Great Fire of Rome (64 B.C.). His cruelty and irresponsibility provoked widespread revolts, which led to his suicide. TERM 10
Hadrian
DEFINITION 10 Emperor of Rome (117-138 B.C.) who sought to end distinctions between Rome and the Roman provinces. During his visit to Britain (122 B.C.), he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall.
Pompeii
City on the Bay of Naples destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 C.E. TERM 17
Coloni
DEFINITION 17 Tenant farmers who worked sections of large estates in exchange for a percentage of their crops. TERM 18
Marcus Aurelius
DEFINITION 18 (r. 161-180 C.E.)Roman emperor who fought German invasions and practiced Stoicism. TERM 19
Aurelian
DEFINITION 19 Emperor of Rome (A.D. 270-275) who held the barbarians in check beyond the Rhine River and regained Britain, Gaul, Spain, Syria, and Egypt for the empire. TERM 20
Bar Kochba Revolt
DEFINITION 20 A rebellion of the Jews of Judea Province, led by Simon bar Kochba, against the Roman Empire.
Mishnah
Written collection of Jewish law compiled about 200 C.E. TERM 22
Talmud
DEFINITION 22 Collection of Jewish teachings that serve as the comprehensive guide to Jewish life. TERM 23
Jesus of Nazareth
DEFINITION 23 (d. 33 C.E.)Founder of Christianity, whom Christians believe was the Son of God and the Jewish Messiah. TERM 24
Apostolic Succession
DEFINITION 24 Belief that Christian bishops receive their authority by being direct successors to Jesus' Apostles. TERM 25
Vibia Perpetua
DEFINITION 25 Christian martyr who wrote The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity, a journal recounting her trial and imprisonment that was continued by a contemporary who described Perpetua's death in the arena. Both her martyrdom and its account have been highly revered by ancient and modern Christians.
