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Terms and Definitions: Middle Ages to Renaissance, Quizzes of World History

Definitions and historical context for key figures, events, and concepts during the middle ages and renaissance periods. Topics include religious leaders, emperors, scholars, artists, and various movements and conflicts. This resource is useful for students of history, art history, and religious studies.

Typology: Quizzes

2013/2014

Uploaded on 11/18/2014

jameisonhyson22
jameisonhyson22 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Wat Tyler
DEFINITION 1
(d. 1381) Leader of the English Peasants' Revolt.
TERM 2
Boniface VIII
DEFINITION 2
(r. 1294-1303) Pope who reasserted the papacy's supreme
authority over secular rulers.
TERM 3
Avignon Papacy
DEFINITION 3
From 1309 to 1377, the period of the papacy's residence in
the city Avignon in what is today southern France.
TERM 4
Great
Schism
DEFINITION 4
(1378-1417) Split within the western church at the end of the
Avignon papacy over the three rivals to the office of the
pope.
TERM 5
Council of Constance
DEFINITION 5
The council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great
Schism in the Roman Catholic Church.
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Wat Tyler

(d. 1381) Leader of the English Peasants' Revolt. TERM 2

Boniface VIII

DEFINITION 2 (r. 1294-1303) Pope who reasserted the papacy's supreme authority over secular rulers. TERM 3

Avignon Papacy

DEFINITION 3 From 1309 to 1377, the period of the papacy's residence in the city Avignon in what is today southern France. TERM 4

Great

Schism

DEFINITION 4 (1378-1417) Split within the western church at the end of the Avignon papacy over the three rivals to the office of the pope. TERM 5

Council of Constance

DEFINITION 5 The council in 1414-1418 that succeeded in ending the Great Schism in the Roman Catholic Church.

Catherine of Siena

(1347-1380) Holy woman known for her long fasts and mystic religious experiences; canonized in 1461. TERM 7

John Wycliffe

DEFINITION 7 (ca. 1330-1384) Theologian from Oxford who questioned the fundamental teaching of the church. TERM 8

Jan Hus

DEFINITION 8 (ca. 1369-1415) Czech theologian and reformer condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake. TERM 9

Michael VIII Paleologus

DEFINITION 9 (122482) Byzantine emperor (125982); founder of the Palaeologan dynasty. His reign saw the recovery of Constantinople from the Latins (1261) and the reunion (1274) of the Greek and Roman churches. TERM 10

Genghis Khan

DEFINITION 10 (c. 1204-1227) Mongol ruler who conquered northern China and established the Mongol Empire.

Petrarch

(1304-1374) Francesco Petrarca, one of the first humanist scholars, was responsible for the recovery of numerous works of classical Latin Roman writers. TERM 17

Emmanuel Chrysoloras

DEFINITION 17 (1355-1415) Important Greek scholar who introduced the scientific works of ancient Greek philosophers to the west. TERM 18

Lorenzo de'

Medici

DEFINITION 18 (r. 1469-1492) Ruler of Florence and patron of artists, poets, and humanist scholars during the Italian Renaissance. TERM 19

Michelangelo

DEFINITION 19 (1475-1564) Painter, sculptor, poet, and architect, considered in his time to be the greatest artist Italy had ever produced. TERM 20

Giotto

DEFINITION 20 (1267-1334) Best-known and most influential painter of the Middle Ages.

Filippo Brunelleschi

(1377-1446) Outstanding architect, painter, and engineer who introduced linear perspective in painting and designed the dome of Florence's cathedral. TERM 22

Leonardo da Vinci

DEFINITION 22 (1452-1519) One of the world's greatest artists and engineers, most famous for his painting the Mona Lisa. TERM 23

Book of Hours

DEFINITION 23 Book or manuscript containing a calendar, prayers, and biblical passages for private devotion. TERM 24

Patristics

DEFINITION 24 Study of the writings of the early church fathers such as, Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, and Pope Gregory I. TERM 25

Desiderius Erasmus

DEFINITION 25 (1469-1536) Dutch humanist, theologian, and textual scholar whose writings influenced the movement for church reform.

L'uomo universale

A person who is successful when it comes to working, and overall universal, knew how to dance, fight, sing, write poetry, and how to create art, and well educated with the classics. Also means that one should be capable of achievements in many areas. TERM 32

Niccolo Machiavelli

DEFINITION 32 (1459-1527) Diplomat and political writer most famous for The Prince, a work instructing rulers on how to govern. TERM 33

The

Prince

DEFINITION 33 A political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theroist Niccolo Machiavelli. TERM 34

Julius

II

DEFINITION 34 (r. 1503-1513) Pope who was a great patron of artists, especially Michelangelo, and who restored the Papal States to papal control.