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US Growth: Centripetal & Centrifugal Forces from 1790s to Reconstruction - Prof. Randall M, Study notes of United States History

Saint Joseph's University (SJU)United States History
Prof. Randall Miller

The spatial, demographic, economic, cultural, social, and political growth of the united states from the 1790s to reconstruction, focusing on the centripetal and centrifugal forces that made america stronger and weaker. Topics include the erie canal, railroads, western domination, economic policies, state governments, industrialization, and women's roles. The document also discusses the attempts to resolve tendencies toward greater union and unity as well as greater disunion and segmentation.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/17/2009

jp400805
jp400805 🇺🇸

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How and why did the growth of the United States—
spatially, demographically, economically, culturally,
socially, and politically—make America both stronger
and weaker at the same time from the 1790s
through Reconstruction at least, and how and why
did Americans attempt to, and succeed in, resolving
the tendencies toward greater union and unity on the
one hand and greater disunion and segmentation on
the other because of such growth? Consider the
forces and factors that were centripetal in holding
the nation together and those that were centrifugal
in pulling it apart.
How and why did the growth of the United States—
-Spatially
oEerie Canal
Mindset of people in NY: those who move to central region of US
will gain riches
Greater sense of manifest destiny: take over areas surrounding U.S.
o Railroads (1850s)
built where it was impossible to create canals
collapse of space, shrinking space
oWestern Domination
Ruined our ties with Native Americans
-Demographically
oMore Land = More Agriculture
oEerie Canal
More resources (timber, & others)
Appalachian Pass
-Economically
oEconomic Policies
Accumulate readily available credit
Stabilize currency
Make national market
oState Governments
Involved in Internal Improvements
Transportation Infrastructure
oRoads, bridges
Benefit: Makes it easier to move goods
oBetter connections between states
*Eerie Canal
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Partial preview of the text

Download US Growth: Centripetal & Centrifugal Forces from 1790s to Reconstruction - Prof. Randall M and more Study notes United States History in PDF only on Docsity!

How and why did the growth of the United States—

spatially, demographically, economically, culturally,

socially, and politically—make America both stronger

and weaker at the same time from the 1790s

through Reconstruction at least, and how and why

did Americans attempt to, and succeed in, resolving

the tendencies toward greater union and unity on the

one hand and greater disunion and segmentation on

the other because of such growth? Consider the

forces and factors that were centripetal in holding

the nation together and those that were centrifugal

in pulling it apart.

How and why did the growth of the United States—

  • Spatially o Eerie Canal  Mindset of people in NY: those who move to central region of US will gain riches  Greater sense of manifest destiny: take over areas surrounding U.S. o Railroads (1850s)  built where it was impossible to create canals  collapse of space, shrinking space o Western Domination  Ruined our ties with Native Americans
  • Demographically o More Land = More Agriculture o Eerie Canal  More resources (timber, & others)  Appalachian Pass
  • Economically o Economic Policies  Accumulate readily available credit  Stabilize currency  Make national market o State Governments  Involved in Internal Improvements  Transportation Infrastructure o Roads, bridges  Benefit: Makes it easier to move goods o Better connections between states  _Eerie Canal_*

 Financed partially by Federal gov’t  Connects East  West o Specifically Lake Eerie to Hudson River (Appalachian Pass)  Benefits: o urban expansion o access to resources in the West o goods easily transported to Eastern Markets  many stops along canal for picking up/dropping off goods o more jobs in New England o Working Women  They are now consumers  Benefits: stimulated economy o Abolitionist Backlash  As sentiments grew stronger about slavery, so did their actions.  Fredrick Douglas’ description of New Benford in Book  Benefits:  Showed common non-slave owners were better off than slave owners

  • Culturally o Growth  Expansion of Industries  Demand of Labor  Resort to changes in values  Women at Work ????!!  Recruitment of Women to Textile Mills o Whigs vs. Democrats and Reform  Whigs, Democrats were viewed as most virtuous parties  Women viewed as more moral then men  Charged with responsibility of private realm o Women take it a step further  Why not schools?  Why can’t they be educated if they’re educators in their homes? 
  • Socially o Industrialization (2nd^ American Party System helped too)  leads to specialization but ALSO  work for women  work for children  LARGER labor force  Large, more diverse populations  Cities become more dangerous  Clash between industrialized states and agricultural states o _Differentiation of Regions_* (in health among other things)  Resulted in:

 Compromise: o Re-annexed Texas o California became free state (later by Henry Clay) o N. Mexico & Utah: popular sovereignty

  • Politically o Eerie Canal o Nominations & Elections  Fostered larger interest in politics  Educational Emphasis o To protect schools movement o Private school movement in New England o Rising literacy  interest in reading about elections in the paper o 2 nd^ American Party System  Jacksonians did not bring up slavery issue!  E.g. of greater union o allowed country to (temporarily) not fall apart  E.g. of greater disunion o It dug a deeper hole by not addressing the problem  Country started to get accustomed to one side or the other Centrifugal Examples
  • Stephen Douglas & Popular Sovereignty o Nebraska Territory split into 2 parts o Deemed popular sovereignty state  Gave equal chance to both north & south  Divided political system  Created Republican Party o Wanted no further extension of slavery in Northern territory
  • Charles Sumner & Incendiary Speech o Printed and published speech to end all slavery o Almost died because of it o Ended up creating more hostility around the issue
  • James Brown o Slave Rebellion  Symbol for Abolitionism Examples of centripetal figures David Wilmot
  • Wilmot Proviso o Slavery can never be brought into any newly acquired Mexican territory Henry Clay
  • Compromise of 1850 o Dealt w/ slavery issues in Cali

 N. Mexico/Utah under principles of popular sovereignty  Slave trade prohibited in District of Columbia  Cali becomes Free State  Federal Fugitive Slave Act given to the South

using two of those books in a comparative mode as to a

particular topic (e.g., freedom, the process of self-realization and

individual independence)

Fredrick Douglas – The Narrative of the Life of Frederick

Douglas “An American Slave”

His story

  • a story to be told
  • worth-telling
  • may break down barriers between whites and slaves by showing their similarities
  • Douglas is saying he is a person!
  • He took his own name (identity)
  • He wrote it by himself o Evidence: William W. Garrison & Wendell Phillips say so o Very well written, well-versed o During a time when white slave owners thought it was bad idea to teach slaves cause they will get bad ideas o
  • Purpose: awaken the conscious of Northerners by showing bad effect of slavery on America
  • Story Themes: Childhood, Bondage, Freedom, Benford, etc.
  • Revealed character of slavery
  • Relates character to himself
  • He was never sold form Master to Master o Only moved from master to master because he lucked out & was sent to his owner’s relatives place in Baltimore [further North (: ]
  • Note: to be sold way bad because you would be sold to poorer cheaper place/family
  • 2 ways in which Douglas is liberated: o stands up to Covey (his master)  physical liberation