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Hosa Emt Study Guide (Verified)
1. Contraindication
: reasons not to use a medication
2. aspirin
: prevents platelets in the blood from clotting
3. boots and back braces
: accessories that EMTs use when lifting a patient
4. actions in controlling airway
: opening and securing
5. hypoperfusion
: inadequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients
6. examples of PPE (personal protective equipment)
: pocket mask (covers mouth and part of your nose) mask (whole face) gloves gown
7. basic skills for emt
: infection control airway control ventilation bleeding control
8. parenteral
: inhalation and injection of medience
9. 6 emergency way to carry a patient
: 1. rescuer assist
2. pack strap
14. extrinsic diseases
: diseases that are contagious and able to spread
15. bronchodilators
: increases airflow by increasing bronchioles diameter (i.e. inhaler)
16. direct lift
: from floor to bed
17. discs
: shock absorbers in the back that can cause pain
18. what do you administer if there is respiratory difficulty or patient suspect- ed to be in shock, had
stroke or seizure: oxygen
19. Vector: a living creature involved in the transmission of the disease (humans, dogs, cats, chicken)
20. crowing: a sound that can occur when muscles around the larynx spasm
21. Auscultation: the act of listening
22. vital signs: should be repeated every 10-15 minutes
23. snoring: tongue blocks the airway
24. septic shock: caused by an infection that results in dilated blood vessels
25. EMTs should be able to lift at least lbs: 125
26. signs of shock: tachycardia (rapid heart rate) tachypnea
(rapid breathing) nausea thirst confusion cool and pale skin
27. questions when handling medication: right medication? right patient? right route? right date? right
dose?
28. tracheostomy and stoma: holes that are surgically created and used to create airways
29. normal breathing rate (adult): 12-20 bpm
30. normal breathing rate (child): 15-30 bpm
31. normal breathing rate (infant): 25-50 bpm
34. SAMPLE (past medical history): Signs and Symptoms Allergies
Medication Past medical history Last oral intake events leading to the illness
35. systole: pressure in the arteries during the contraction phase
36. cardiogenic shock: result of inadequate pumping of the heart
37. neurological, brain, and eye injures alters : pupil dialation
38. normal blood pressure: 90-150/60-
39. prophylaxis: treatment after exposure to prevent the likelihood of EMT becom- ing ill
40. treatment of shock: reduce heat loss, control bleeding, and oxygenation
41. reassessment: should be done five minutes after the medication is adminis- tered
42. enteral: ingestion of medications
43. nitroglycerin: dilates blood vessels, can be used during a heart attack, can reduce blood pressure
44. anaphylaxis: brought on by exposure to something to which the patient is extremely allergic
45. epinephrine: dilates airways and constricts blood vessels, creates a simulated fight or flight reaction,
used to treat extreme allergies
46. normal pulse rate (adults): 60-110 bpm
47. four emergency ways to drag a pateint: clothing, blanket, arm, firefighters
48. cricoid pressure: shouldn't be used during cardiac arrect
49. what can determine an obstruction of the airway: abnormal sounds
50. compression rate: 100 compressions per min
51. Braxton Hicks contractions: Irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus
52. Placenta previa: Condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location that will not
allow for normal delivery of the fetus causing an excessive amount of pre-birth bleeding
69. Unequal pupils: Stroke, head injury, artificial eye, prescription eyedrops
70. Lack of reactivity in the pupils: Drugs, lack of oxygen to the brain
71. Where do you palpate last: The area that the patient indicated was hurting
72. Jaundice: Deliver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells resulting in the
yellowish pigmentation of body tissue
73. Renal failure: Occurs when kidneys lose their ability to adequately filter the blood and remove
toxins in excess fluid from the body
74. Dialysis: The process by which toxins in excess fluid are removed from the body by medical
system independent of the kidneys
75. Shunt: Drange device that runs from the brain to the abdomen to relieve excess cerebrospinal
fluid
76. Perfusion: Supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from the body cells and tissues as a result of
the flow of blood through the capillaries
77. Direct pressure: Most common and effective way to control external bleeding
78. Central rewarming: Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of the
hypothermic patient
79. At about what temperature does electrical activity in the brain become abnormal: 91.5°F
80. Supine: Lying on the back
81. Prone: Lying facedown
82. Recovery position(lateral recombent): Lying on the side on the side
83. Fowler position: A sitting position
84. assess ventilations on adult patients when: Patients are breathing less than 8 bpm and over 24 bpm
85. COPD: Progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe
86. Pulmonary edema: Fluid in the lungs
87. CPR Should be: Five cylces of 30 compressions to two breaths or for two minutes
88. Fibrillation: Irregular contractions or impulses from the heatt
89. 30%: Amount of normal bloodflow CPR provides
90. Asystole: Heart stops breathing and there is no electrical activity
91. Contraindications for AED: Children under 1, patients suffering from trauma
92. Trauma: Most serious injuries that threaten life or limb and usually involves blood loss
99. Congestive heart failure causes: Fluid swelling
100. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): Sudden, cool moist skin, pupils dilated, elevated blood pressure
101. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar): Warm dry skin, normal pupils, deep breaths, gradual
102. Tonic-clonic phase: Muscular contraction phase of seizures, usually most violent, patient may
scream, foam, and stop breathing
103. Management of seizures: Move all objects that are near victimbdo not touch or restrain him or her
104. Papoose: Total body restraint
105. Visceral pain: General pain in the abdomen the result of an illness involving an organ
106. Pyelonephritis: Severe infection of the kidney
107. Oxygen: Should be given to any patient lethargic or short of breath
108. Activated Charcoal: Can be administered after a patient ingests a poison that is not caustic(able
to burn)
109. Velocity: Important in determining severity of trauma
110. Spinal Immobilization: Should be immediately applied in trauma accident
111. DCAP-BTLS: Deformity Contusion(bruise) Abrasion(scrape) Puncture- Burn Tenderness Laceration
Swelling
112. Jugular Venous Distention: Can indicate serious chest injury
113. Guarding: The tightening of abdominal muscles.
114. Body parts (teeth, pieces of ear): Wrap in moist gauze so they can be reconnected
115. Treatment for the eye: Cover both eyes, no pressure, lay patient down
116. Cushing's Reflex: Results in bradycardia in serious head injuries
117. spontaneous pneumothorax: sudden accumulation of air in the pleural space, commonly seen
in COPD patients and is caused by a rupture of certain types of blisters in the lung.
118. Sellick's maneuver: reduces the risk of vomiting
119. Flail Chest: occurs when multiple adjacent ribs are broken in multiple places, separating segment,
so part of the chest moves independently.
