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How to Cite Authors and paraphrasing their works, Lecture notes of English Philology

Nagaland UniversityEnglish Philology

This is a helpful document for students who are conducting their researches.

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 04/19/2023

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Citation
Book
Format: Author, Year, Title of Book, Publisher
Example: Roberts, C. 2004. The Dissertation Journey. Crown Press. Thousand Oaks, California.
Journal
Format: Author, Year, Title of Article. Title of Journal. Edition (Volume): page(s)
Example: Leight, SB et al. 2000. The effect of structured training on breast self-examination search
behaviors as measured using biomedical instrumentation. Nursing Research 49(5): 283-
289.
Thesis/Dissertation
Format: Author. Year. Title of Thesis/Dissertation. Degree. School and address.
Example: Nuevo, JJ. 2000. Effects of Motivational Activities on Achievement and Attitudes of College
Chemistry Students. MA Chemistry. Bulacan State University. Malolos, Bulacan.
Website
Format: Author. Year. Title. Internet/URL address.
Example: Brazier H and Begley CM. 2001. How to search on transcultural nursing and health subjects.
www.nursingsociety.org.
This is APA style. This guide is based on the American Psychological Association’s Publication manual,
5th edition.
What is referencing? Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the source of information and
ideas that you have used in your work and which allows the sources to be identified.
Why reference? Reference is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers
to follow-up what you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work.
Steps in Referencing
Record the full bibliographic detail and relevant page numbers of the source from which
information is taken.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.
Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.
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Citation

Book Format: Author, Year, Title of Book, Publisher Example: Roberts, C. 2004. The Dissertation Journey. Crown Press. Thousand Oaks, California. Journal Format: Author, Year, Title of Article. Title of Journal. Edition (Volume): page(s) Example: Leight, SB et al. 2000. The effect of structured training on breast self-examination search behaviors as measured using biomedical instrumentation. Nursing Research 49(5): 283-

Thesis/Dissertation Format: Author. Year. Title of Thesis/Dissertation. Degree. School and address. Example: Nuevo, JJ. 2000. Effects of Motivational Activities on Achievement and Attitudes of College Chemistry Students. MA Chemistry. Bulacan State University. Malolos, Bulacan. Website Format: Author. Year. Title. Internet/URL address. Example: Brazier H and Begley CM. 2001. How to search on transcultural nursing and health subjects. www.nursingsociety.org.

This is APA style. This guide is based on the American Psychological Association’s Publication manual,

5 th^ edition. What is referencing? Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the source of information and ideas that you have used in your work and which allows the sources to be identified. Why reference? Reference is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow-up what you have written and more fully understand the cited author’s work. Steps in Referencing  Record the full bibliographic detail and relevant page numbers of the source from which information is taken.  Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.  Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.

In-text citations  In an author-date style, in-text citation usually requires the name of the author(s) and the year of publication.  A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page or idea. Page numbers may also be included if you are referring to a long work and the page number may be useful to the reader. Elements of the citation Reference type In-text examples Reference list example One author Sophisticated searching techniques are important in finding information (Berkman,

Or Berkman (2015, p.25) claimed that sophisticated... Berkman, RI. (2015). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. Harper Perrenial. Two to six authors It is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir and Jessel, 2011) Or Moir and Jessel (2011) found that... Always list the authors in the order they appear in the publication. Moir, A. and Jessel, D. (2011). Brain sex: the real difference between men and women. London: Mandrin. More than six authors It was argued that... (Johnson et al.,

  1. or Johnson et al. (2015) talks about... Cite just the last name of the first author followed by et al. and year for the first and all other citations. Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, E., Harris, Y., Moreton, G., Morgan, B. et al. (2005). How far is far? London: Mcmillan. When a work has more than six authors cite the surnames and initials of the first six authors then follow with the abbreviations et al. No author Management is defined as (CCH Macquarie Dictionary, 2013) or CCH Macquarie Dictionary (2013) defines.. Cite in the text the first few words of the title and the year. The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business (2013). North Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia.

Edited book (Everson, 2011) Everson, S. (Ed.). (2011 ). Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Electronic book – entire book

... globalization concerns (Pettinger, 2012). Pettinger, R. (2012). Global organizations. Oxford: Capston Publishing. Available from NetLibrary database. When the links leads to how to access material rather than material itself, use “Available from”. Translation of a book (Ylinen, 2008) Ylinen, J. (2008). Stretching therapy: for sport and manual therapies (J. Nurmenniemi, Trans.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

N.B. For other models of citations, Refer to: Research (Simplified Guide to Thesis Writing), pp.

30-48 by Garcia, A. M. and others available at the college library.