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HPDP FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
"public health/community health nursing requires an understanding of: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Needs of a population -Factors that influence health -Trends and patterns influencing disease within populations -Environmental factors contributing to health and illness -Political processes used to affect public policy"
"Functional ability is the - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive, social, physical, and emotional ability
to carry out the normal activities of life"
"enculturation - CORRECT ANSWER cultural competence and sensitivity, incorporate beliefs,
attitudes, values, behaviors, and interpersonal dynamics targeted to culture."
"BADL's - CORRECT ANSWER basic activities of daily living (ex. showering, brushing teeth)"
"Community based nursing care takes place in - CORRECT ANSWER community settings such
as a home or clinic, where nurses focus on the needs of an individual or family."
"IADL's - CORRECT ANSWER instrumental activities of daily living (ex. driving, taking meds)"
"Definition of health - CORRECT ANSWER A state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
"community based nursing takes focus in - CORRECT ANSWER helping individuals and
communities to create a healthy living environment"
"Definition of health promotion: - CORRECT ANSWER the process of enabling people to
increase control over and to improve their health."
"External variables influencing health beliefs and practices: - CORRECT ANSWER -Family
practices
-Socioeconomic factors -Cultural background"
"Internal variables influencing health beliefs and practices: - CORRECT ANSWER
Developmental stages Intellectual background Perception of functioning Emotional factors Spiritual factors"
"Goal of a community health nurse - CORRECT ANSWER preserve
protect promote or maintain health"
"What are some functional assessment components? - CORRECT ANSWER -Vision
-Hearing -Mobility -Fall History -Continence -Nutrition -Cognition -Affect (e.g."flat affect" no emotion, demeanor) -Home environment -Social participation (church groups, friends) -BADLs -IADLs"
"Describe health promotion, wellness, and illness prevention activities: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Immunization programs -Routine, exercise, good nutrition -Physical awareness, stress management, self-responsibility"
"Functional assessment tools - CORRECT ANSWER -self report
-performance based"
"Growth is the - CORRECT ANSWER quantitative change in which an increase in cell number
and size results in an increase in cell number and size results in an increase in overall size or weight of the body or any of its parts"
"Differentiation is the - CORRECT ANSWER process by which initially formed cells and
structures become refined and specific"
"Change Agent Role - CORRECT ANSWER identifying and implementing new and more
effective approaches to problems."
"Describe four types of risk factors affecting health: - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic and
physiological factors Age Environment lifestyle"
"Discuss risk factor modification and changing health behaviors: - CORRECT ANSWER -Pre-
contemplation -Contemplation -Preparation -Action -Maintenance stage"
"Maturation is the - CORRECT ANSWER emergence of personal, behavioral, or adult like
physical characteristics or a "ripening""
"Patient advocate role - CORRECT ANSWER helping patients identify where to go for services.
Provide resources."
"Internal variables influencing illness behavior: - CORRECT ANSWER perception of illness and
nature of illness"
"External variables influencing illness behavior: - CORRECT ANSWER visibility of symptoms,
social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care."
"Counselor Role - CORRECT ANSWER help patients identify and clarify health problems and
choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems."
"Educator - CORRECT ANSWER helping patients gain skills and knowledge to care for
themselves."
"Developmental assessments for adolescents: - CORRECT ANSWER -Continue monitoring for
physical development -Monitor sexual development -Social assessment using screening tools such as HEADSS to identify high-risk behaviors"
"Developmental assessment adults & older: - CORRECT ANSWER -Continue monitoring for
age-appropriate changes in physical function -Focus is on functional assessment -Screening tools assess functional ability, stress and coping, and others"
"Epidemiologis - CORRECT ANSWER being involved in case findings, health teaching, and
tracking incident rates of an illness"
"In the SMART goal process, what does each letter stand for - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific
-Measurable -Attainable -Realistic -Timed"
"Elements of a community assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER Structure
Population Social system"
"Acute Illness: - CORRECT ANSWER short duration and severe"
"Community assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER is the systematic data collection on the
population, monitoring the health status of the population, and making information available about the health of the community."
"Family dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER the way in which the family operates as a whole"
"Avoidable disparities - CORRECT ANSWER -Patient mistrust
-cultural beliefs -language barriers -lack of transportation -high health care costs -unsafe living environment -Health damaging behaviors -Lack of health care -insurance -Inadequate access to health services -Biased clinical care planning"
"Family assessment: - CORRECT ANSWER -risk factors
-family strengths -relationships among family members -genetics"
"Avoidable and unacceptable example - CORRECT ANSWER pain"
"Family assessment: Developmental - CORRECT ANSWER considers concurrent development
of individuals within the family (life cycle)"
"Family assessment; Functional - CORRECT ANSWER Assessment of family member
interactions and behaviors towards one another Instrumental: family activities of day-to-day living Expressive: communication, problem solving, power, values, beliefs"
"community-based nursing - CORRECT ANSWER a model of care to reach all in a community,
helping individuals and communities to create a healthy living environment. ***occurs outside of traditional health care facilities"
"First thing to assess in elderly patients? - CORRECT ANSWER Vision and hearing (very
important)"
"Scope of stress: no stress - CORRECT ANSWER Experience is perceived as easily manageable,
and equilibrium is not disrupted."
"Preconception period - CORRECT ANSWER time before pregnancy"
"What is the Human Genome Project? - CORRECT ANSWER "An international research effort
to sequence and map all of the genes - together known as the genome""
"Nutrition is - CORRECT ANSWER the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on
health and disease"
"The hypothalamus stimulates the - CORRECT ANSWER pituitary gland"
"Patient Education is - CORRECT ANSWER a process of helping people learn health-related
behaviors so that they can incorporate these behaviors into everyday life"
"Infection is - CORRECT ANSWER the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or
microorganisms; results in disease"
"What are some interrelated concepts with infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -Nutrition
-Tissue Integrity -Immunity -Stress -Inflammation"
"What is the purpose of Patient Education? - CORRECT ANSWER to help individuals, families,
or communities achieve optimal levels of health"
"The pituitary gland secretes - CORRECT ANSWER FSH and LH"
"A genome is - CORRECT ANSWER an organism's complete set of DNA. Except for mature red
blood cells, all human cells contain a complete genome"
"Embryologic period - CORRECT ANSWER •first nine weeks of pregnancy
•Embryo is most susceptible to teratogenic injury •All major organ systems are formed"
"Chronic Stress occurs in - CORRECT ANSWER stable conditions from stressful roles"
"Routes of Exposure for substances or agents that may affect the reproductive health: -
CORRECT ANSWER Inhalation, dermal, & ingestion"
"The corpus luteum secretes - CORRECT ANSWER progesterone"
"Learning is - CORRECT ANSWER The purposeful acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes,
behaviors, and skills through an experience or external stimulus"
"Symptomatic - CORRECT ANSWER clinical signs and symptoms are present"
"What is the nucleus? - CORRECT ANSWER Control center of the cell"
"Complications that can happen with substances or agents that affect the reproductive health: -
CORRECT ANSWER -Infertility
-pregnancy loss -birth defects -neurological problem -developmental delays"
"Acute Stress is - CORRECT ANSWER time-limited events that threaten a person for a
relatively brief period provoked acute stress"
"Resting energy expenditure (REE) - CORRECT ANSWER Amount of energy needed to
consume over 24-hour period for the body to maintain internal working activities while at rest"
"The follicular phase happens when? - CORRECT ANSWER Day 1-14 of menstrual cycle"
"Patient education provides - CORRECT ANSWER a foundational role and provides
competency in the professional nursing practice"
"Asymptomatic - CORRECT ANSWER clinical signs and symptoms are not present"
"Assess the home environment for: - CORRECT ANSWER •Pests, dust mites, pesticides
•Mold •Lead •Radon •Tobacco •Drinking water •Home safety (smoke and carbon monoxide detectors)"
"Where is DNA stored? - CORRECT ANSWER nucleus of a cell"
"Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER Energy necessary for the normal function of numerous body
processes"
"When a follicle ruptures - CORRECT ANSWER -Ovum travels to the fallopian tube
-Luteal phase begins"
"Patient education is expected as a component of - CORRECT ANSWER health care in all
settings and thus is applicable to all areas of the nursing practice involving patient care"
"How many chromosomes does a normal human have? - CORRECT ANSWER 46 (23 pairs)"
"Examples of Home Safety Programs: - CORRECT ANSWER •Smoke free rules at home
•Lead hazard control programs •Home-based asthma interventions •Integrated pest management (IPM) •Smoke & carbon monoxide installations"
"How do Sperm & Ova Unite? - CORRECT ANSWER -Estrogen levels peak just before ovulation
-Propels ovum down tube -Makes mucus "friendly" to sperm -Prostaglandins from sperm cause uterine contractions which propel sperm"
"Role of the Nurse in Teaching and Learning - CORRECT ANSWER -teach info that the patient
and the family need to make informed decisions regarding their care -determine what patients need to know -identify when patients are ready to learn"
"Source of infection - CORRECT ANSWER -Primary infection versus secondary infection
-Hospital-acquired/health care-acquired infection versus community-acquired infection"
"Carrier testing helps to identify - CORRECT ANSWER people who carry one or two copies of a
gene mutation."
"Three types of crises - CORRECT ANSWER -maturational or developmental crises
-situational crises -disasters or adventitious crises"
"Micronutrients are - CORRECT ANSWER -vitamins, minerals, water"
"Sperm are fertile for about _____ _____ in the female - CORRECT ANSWER 24 hours"
"Cognitive learning - CORRECT ANSWER Includes all intellectual behaviors and requires
thinking"
"Normal flora - CORRECT ANSWER -microorganisms
-do not usually cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body but instead participate in maintaining health"
"Affective learning - CORRECT ANSWER Deals with expression of feelings and development of
attitudes, opinions, or values"
"sperm + ovum = - CORRECT ANSWER zygote"
"Phytochemical are - CORRECT ANSWER Healthy substances in foods such as fruits, veggies,
and herbs"
"Smoking is the most common cause of - CORRECT ANSWER chronic respiratory problems"
"Developmental Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER occur as a person moves through the stages of
life."
"Situational crisis - CORRECT ANSWER External sources such as a job change, motor vehicle
crash, death, or severe illness provoke"
"Smoking _____ BP and _____ peripheral blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER increases;
decreases"
"kilocalorie (kcal) is - CORRECT ANSWER 1000 calories"
"Psychomotor learning - CORRECT ANSWER Involves acquiring skills that require
coordination and integration of mental and physical movements"
"Body system defenses are - CORRECT ANSWER organs"
"_____ tells the ovarian corpus luteum to secrete progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER hCG
(human chorionic gonadotropin)"
"Disease or infection results only if the pathogens _____ and alter normal tissue function -
CORRECT ANSWER multiply"
"Basic learning principles - CORRECT ANSWER -motivation to learn
-ability to learn -learning environment"
"______ is known as the "hormone of pregnancy" - CORRECT ANSWER progesterone"
"malnutrition is - CORRECT ANSWER faulty or inadequate diet"
"Children whose parents smoke = higher incidence of - CORRECT ANSWER •Asthma
•Pneumonia •Ear infections"
"Adventitious crisis - CORRECT ANSWER A major natural or man-made disaster or a crime of
violence can create"
"Babies - second hand smoke exposure = - CORRECT ANSWER higher risk for sudden infant
death syndrome"
"Neuman systems model: - CORRECT ANSWER •Uses systems approach
"When is the embryonic stage? - CORRECT ANSWER (14 days) 2-8 weeks"
"Infection develops if the infection chain stays _____ - CORRECT ANSWER intact"
"_____ infections involves breaking the chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER Preventing"
"Attentional Set is - CORRECT ANSWER the mental state that allows the learner to focus on
and comprehend a learning activity"
"When is the fetal stage? - CORRECT ANSWER 9-40 weeks"
"Hypoalbuminemia - CORRECT ANSWER low albumin levels in the blood"
"The Neuman Systems Model of nursing views - CORRECT ANSWER a patient, family, or
community as constantly changing in response to the environment and stressors."
"Questions to assess smoking - CORRECT ANSWER •Is the person a current smoker or former
smoker? •How many cigarettes smoked per day? •How long has the person smoked? •What was the person's age when began smoking? •Pack years = number of packs/day x number of years"
"Microorganisms include: - CORRECT ANSWER bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa"
"Carbohydrates are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER -carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
-are the main source of energy in the diet"
"Weeks begin at - CORRECT ANSWER LMP (last menstrual period)"
"Motivation is the - CORRECT ANSWER force that acts on or within a person to cause the
person to behave in a particular way"
"_____ _____ is the most effective way to break the chain of infection. - CORRECT ANSWER
Hand hygiene"
"A learning environment should have/be - CORRECT ANSWER -Well lit
-Appropriate furniture -Quiet -Good ventilation -Comfortable temperature -Private"
"Products of Conception according to time - CORRECT ANSWER -Embryo
-Fetus -Viability -Neonate -Infant"
"Proteins provide a source of - CORRECT ANSWER -energy (4 kcal/g)
- are essential for the growth, maintenance and repair of body tissue"
"Passive smoking variations: - CORRECT ANSWER •Second hand - same environment
•Third hand smoke - clings to hair and clothing"
"Other smoking variations: - CORRECT ANSWER •Social smoking
•Hookah - water pipe •E-cigarettes"
"Time Periods: - CORRECT ANSWER -Perinatal
-Antepartum -Intrapartum -Postpartum" "The simplest form of protein is the _____ _____, consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and
nitrogen. - CORRECT ANSWER amino acid"
"Adult learning is - CORRECT ANSWER self directed and patient centered"
"A _____ is a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible
host. - CORRECT ANSWER reservoir"
"Fatty acids are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with
an acid group on one end of the chain and a methyl group at the other"
"Secondary appraisal of stress - CORRECT ANSWER •Evaluation of resources to
+Overcome the stressor +Eliminate the stressor +Reduce the stressor"
"Water is critical because cell function depends on a _____ _____. - CORRECT ANSWER fluid
environment"
"Nursing Process: Nursing Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER •Anxiety
•Denial •Fear •Ineffective coping •Powerlessness •Risk for posttrauma syndrome •Situational low self-esteem •Stress overload"
"Postpartum period - CORRECT ANSWER the period immediately following childbirth"
"Nursing diagnoses for patient education is based on: - CORRECT ANSWER -Deficient
knowledge (affective, cognitive, psychomotor) -Ineffective health maintenance -Impaired home maintenance -Ineffective family therapeutic regimen management -Ineffective self-health management -Noncompliance (with medications)"
"Anaerobic bacteria thrive... - CORRECT ANSWER where little or no free oxygen is available."
"Inflammation is - CORRECT ANSWER a protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood
products, and nutrients to an area of injury"
"In the planning step you - CORRECT ANSWER Determine goals and expected outcomes that
guide the choice of teaching strategies and approaches with a patient"
"An embryo is - CORRECT ANSWER an early, pre-birth stage of an organism"
"Water makes up _____ of total body weight. - CORRECT ANSWER 60% to 70%"
"Nursing Process: Planning - CORRECT ANSWER •Goals and outcomes - Desirable outcomes
frequently include +Effective coping +Family coping +Caregiver emotional health +Psychosocial adjustment: life change •Setting priorities •Teamwork and collaboration" "The process of _____ neutralizes and eliminates pathogens or dead (necrotic) tissues and
establishes a means of repairing body cells and tissues. - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation"
"Steps in planning - CORRECT ANSWER -Set priorities.
-Select timing to teach. -Organize the teaching materials. -Use teamwork and collaboration."
"A fetus is - CORRECT ANSWER the developing human organism from 9 weeks after
conception to birth"
"Vitamins are - CORRECT ANSWER organic substances present in small amounts in foods that
are essential to normal metabolism"
"Nursing Process: Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER •Health promotion
+Decrease stress-producing situations +Increase resistance to stress +Learn skill that reduce physiological response to stress •Regular exercise and rest"
"An infant is - CORRECT ANSWER a child 1 month - 12 month"
"Appropriate instructional methods - CORRECT ANSWER -Group instruction
-One-on-one discussion -Preparatory instruction -Demonstration
