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HSM 321 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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What are the 4 main tourism supply components? -environment ANSWER - Natural resources /
- built environment- operating sectors
- spirit of hospitality Components that have been created by humans are... - ANSWER Built environment What are the examples of built environment? -- governane ANSWER - technology
- information
- culture _________ is constructed primarily to support visitation and visitor activities. -superstructure ANSWER
___________ includes all underground and surface developmental construction. -ANSWER infrastructure
How tourism destinations can deal with low occupancy and overcrowded issues? -ANSWER - Lower prices
- Holding festivals/ events in off season
- more tax- limit visitor numbers
- seasonality What is tourism demand? -willing and able to buy at each specific price during some specified period of time ANSWER - Amount of product or service that people are
- The total number of persons who travel or wish to travel, and use tourist facilities andservices at places away from their places of work or residence.
What are two factors determining the magnitude and fluctuations of tourism demand? -ANSWER - propensity
- resistance A person's predisposition to travel is determined by ________, ________, and ________characteristics of the person. - ANSWER demographic, psychographic, socioeconomic What are the factors determining the level of resistance to travel? -economic distance ANSWER -
- cultural distance
- cost of services- effectiveness of advertising
- seasonality What are the three methods that we discussed in class for forecasting future tourismdemand? - ANSWER - trend analysis method
- computer simulations/ models
- executive judgement (Delphi) method Unexpected change could be forecasted using trend analysis method. (TRUE or FALSE)- ANSWER False
Big picture. (Tourism policy or tourism planning) - ANSWER tourism policy Restrictive and short-term strategy. (Tourism policy or tourism planning) -tourism planning ANSWER
Long-term strategic emphasis. (Tourism policy or tourism planning) -policy ANSWER tourism
More constrained exercise focusing on detail. (Tourism policy or tourism planning) -ANSWER tourism planning
Emphasizes "how" for the achievement of destination goals. (Tourism policy or tourismplanning) - ANSWER tourism planning
A particular kind of tourism appealing to a market niche that is sensitive toenvironmental and social impact is ___________. - ANSWER Sustainable tourism
List four impacts of global climate change on tourism. -winter ANSWER - warmer summer/
- precipitation change
- change in tourism demand patterns- Damage to beaches
- Health risks List three impacts of tourism on the environment. - ANSWER - Pollution
- Depletion of natural resources
- physical degradation
Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves thewell-being of local people is _________. - ANSWER Ecotourism
What is carrying capacity? -each day without damaging its attractive features. ANSWER Number of tourists the area can accommodate
Marketing activités begin with creating the mix of products and services. (TRUE orFALSE) - ANSWER False
Marketing focuses primarily on promotion and sales. (TRUE or FALSE) -False ANSWER
The actual physical attributes product, product development, planning, branding, andpackaging - ANSWER Product
To market the products - ANSWER Place To satisfy customers and meet the profit objective of the business - ANSWER Price A broken concept including advertising, personal selling, and public relations. -ANSWER Promotion
List 5 phases in product life cycle: - ANSWER - Build product awareness
- Increase market share
- Get customers from the competition- Begin innovating or changing the products
- Drop out of the market or redesign Set the price as low as possible (skimming or penetration) - ANSWER penetration
a broaden concept including advertising, personal selling, and public relationspromotion
List 5 phases of product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, decline
Set the price as low as possiblepenetration
appropriate when the product or service is highly price sensitive penetration
Set the bar as high as possible Skimming
to establish a large market share quicklypenetration
a particular kind of tourism appealing to a market niche that is sensitive to
environmental and social impact is _________________ ______________ sustainable tourism
List 4 impacts of global climate change on tourism1. Damage to tourism infrastructure (beaches)
- Change in tourism demand patterns
- Loss of attractiveness of natural areas and tourism sites4. Health risks for tourists and locals
list 3 impacts of tourism on the environment
- Pollution (air, noise, water)
- Depletion of natural resources3. Physical degradation
Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves thewell-being of local people Eco-tourism
What is carrying capacity? the number of people an area can accomidate each day without damaging theenvironment
The final goal of tourism development is to develop a ____ and ____ tourism destination
restrictive and short-term strategy tourism planning
long-term strategic emphasistourism policy
more constrained exercise focusing on detail tourism planning
emphasizes "how" for the achievement of destination goals tourism planning
guidelines, directives, regulation, and rules that provide a framework fordecision-making directly affecting the daily activities within a tourism destination are tourism policy
Why is tourism policy important?1. defines the rules
- sets out acceptable activities & behaviors for visitors
- facilitates consensus for strategies & objectives4. provides a common direction and guidance for all tourism stakeholders
- provides a framework for public/private discussion
- allows effective tourism interface with other sectors
What is tourism demand? the total number of persons who travel or wish to travel, and use tourist facilities andservices at places away from their places of work or residence
what are 2 factors determining the magnitude and fluctuations of tourism demand? propensity & resistance
A person's predisposition to travel is determined by _______________, ____________, and______________ characteristics of the person. demographic, psychographic, and sociographic
what are factors determining the level of resistance to travel?
- economic distance (time and cost)
- cultural distance3. cost of services at destination
- quality of services at destination5. effectiveness of advertising and promotion
- seasonality
what are 3 methods that we discussed in class for forecasting future tourism demand?
- trend analysis
What are examples of built environment? technology, governance, information, culture
___________________ is constructed primarily to support visitation and visitor activities superstructure
____________________ includes all underground and surface developmental construction Infastructure
How tourism destinations can deal with low occupancy and overcrowded issues?overcrowding: create rules and regulations, enhance public transportation, regulate max number of people within country low occupancy: adjust prices, host events there, target niche markets
most motivation theories divide motivation into what -theories ANSWER content and process
which type of stimuli has been shown to have the quickest effect on motivation -ANSWER external
Organizations involve which of the following? - ANSWER All of the above a. Goals/purposes b. Relationships
c. External environments d. Coordination Which of the following is NOT one of the interactive levels in organizational behavior? -ANSWER strategy
Maslow's hierarchy of needs contains how many levels? - ANSWER 5 Organization definition - ANSWER Organizational behavior - ANSWER Organizational theory -the structure and outcomes of organizations. ANSWER seeks to explain processes and factors influencing
Healthcare organizations - ANSWER Managers often use negative forms of external stimuli because ... -results can be seen more quickly ANSWER the
Which of the following is not one of Henry Fayol's Five core Management principles -ANSWER correct principles include: planning organizing commandingcoordinating controlling Which of the following would be considered a hygiene factor - ANSWER a high salary
which of the following is NOT one of the positive influence tactics discussed in the book -ANSWER
which of the following might be considered sexual harassment - ANSWER which of the following would NOT be included in organizational design -types of structure are: ANSWER four functional multi-divisional flatmatrix
which of the following is a problem with the division of labor -workers from getting bored of their work ANSWER it can result in
which of the following is NOT a function of human resource management -Appraising client behavior ANSWER
Asking an applicant in an interview to consider a scenario and how they would respondis an example of a ... - ANSWER performance simulation
what is one of the best methods of reducing bias in a job interview? - ANSWER determining an applicants openness, extraversion, and agreeableness are part of a ... -ANSWER Big Five personality traits
an organization's mission should reflect which of the following? -ideas, and purpose ANSWER its values,
values statements signal employees how to _________ - ANSWER do their job which of the following is NOT one of the three types of change -culture ANSWER people
which of the following are leadership roles of HR -compensation and benefits ANSWER talent management training and developmentcompliance workplace safety. Which of the following is true about interviews? - ANSWER which of the following is not one of the influences on stress? - ANSWER anxiety quantitative overload - ANSWER consists of too much work do in a given time qualitative overload -to perform a given job ANSWER the belief that one lacks the required skills or abilities
quantitative underload -period; not enough work ANSWER happens when there is too little to do in a time
qualitative underload -below the training and skills of the employee ANSWER exists when the skill requirements for the job are far
health disparities are based on which of the following? - ANSWER all of the above a persons culture can influence their stress? - ANSWER true
become cynical ignore the written documents and begin to model the behavior of itsleaders which will lead to an unhealthy culture.
Chapter 21 q3 How do values interact with an organization's culture? -Values from the core of a culture, behaviors assumptions and beliefs should flow from ANSWER the values Chapter 22 name five elements of a good structured interview? -questions for all candidates, have multiple interviews , interviewers ask the same ANSWER use same questions interviewers resist dicussing candidates between interviews and interviewersshould not prompt the candidates on what to say longer interviews as better
Generally one organization's structure is not optimal across all types of organizations -ANSWER false
Organizational structures do not normally refer to alignment of structural elements -ANSWER false
functional organizations divide departments by common duties tasks services or roles -ANSWER true
a chain of commands shows the full formal reporting structure and eliminates thedirection - ANSWER true
a hierarchal is one of the three levels - ANSWER false mentoring is a function of human resource management - ANSWER false according to the textbook leaders manage -simultaneously ANSWER continuity and change
value statements - ANSWER are used to signal employees on how to behave mission statements -components but short enough to be remembered ANSWER should be long enough to contain the necessary
The human resource department takes the lead in all aspects of the workforce -ANSWER false
One of the best methods of reducing bias in s job interview -structured interview ANSWER multiple and
360 feedback appraisal system is normally not used -consuming ANSWER because it is time
effective size of a span of control depends on which of the following -employees skills and competencies ANSWER
Gantt charts can rapidly show the status of projects critical dependencies and keybeginning and ending points - ANSWER true
trust is rarely the foundation of delegation - ANSWER false micromanaging is the worse form of gofer delegation - ANSWER true which of the following is NOT a reason people often give for not delegating -my job is temporary ANSWER
If numerical rating scales are used, they generally should be in what range? -1-5 ANSWER
