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D. Pharma
1st Year
Human Anatomy
& Physiology
(ER20-14T)
Bhushan Hatwar Asst. Professor Faculty of Pharmacy Kalinga University Naya Raipur (C.G.), India
COURSE OBJECTIVES
- (^) Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
- (^) Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various
organs of the human body.
- (^) Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
- (^) Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human
body.
- (^) Perform the various experiments related to special senses and
nervous system.
- (^) Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each
system.
CONTENTS D. Pharm 1 Year ER20-14T Human Anatomy & Physiology S.No. Unit I 1 Osseous system: 2 Haemopoietic system 3 Lymphatic System
CONTENTS
- (^) Osseous system:
- (^) Structure and function of skeleton.
- (^) Classification of joints and their function,
- (^) joint disorders.
- (^) Haemopoietic system
- (^) Composition and functions of blood
- (^) Process of Hemopoiesis
- (^) Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets
- (^) Mechanism of Blood Clotting
- (^) Importance of Blood groups
- (^) Lymphatic System
- (^) Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation.
- (^) Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node
LECTURE PLAN Lecture No. Topics to be covered Slide No. L-1 Structure and function of skeleton. L-2 Classification of joints and their function, Joint Disorders L-3 Composition and functions of blood L-4 Process of Hemopoiesis L-5 Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets L-6 Mechanism of Blood Clotting & Importance of Blood groups L-7 Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation. L-8 Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node Quiz Answers
The Skeletal System
- (^) Divided into two divisions
- (^) Axial skeleton
- (^) Appendicular skeleton
- (^) Parts of the skeletal system
- (^) Bones (skeleton)
- (^) Joints
- (^) Cartilages
- (^) Ligaments
Functions of the Bones
- Support of the body
- Protection of soft organs
- Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
- Storage of minerals and fats
CLASSIFICATION of BONES
- (^) According to shape 2. short bones = cuboidal in shape = spongy bone with thin coat of compact bone e.g.: carpals (wrist), tarsal (ankle) bones 3. flat bones = broad or elongated flat plates = for protection & muscle attachments composition: 2 thin layers of compact tse. enclosing a thin layer of spongy bone e.g.: bones of the skull, sternum, ribs, scapula
CLASSIFICATION of BONES
- (^) According to shape 4. Irregular bones = all other bones not assigned to the previous groups e.g.: vertebrae pelvic bones bones of the base of the skull 5. Sesamoid bone -- short bone embedded in a tendon e.g.: patella
CLASSIFICATION of BONES
- (^) According to development 1. Membranous = starts as fibrous membrane, calcium gradually deposited until structure becomes ossified intramembranous ossification e.g.: bones of the skull, mandible 2. Cartilagenous = starts as cartilage, gradually ossified enchondral or intracartilagenous ossification. e.g.: long bones
CLASSIFICATION of BONES
- (^) According to location
- (^) A X I A L
- (^) skull 22
- (^) hyoid 1
- (^) ossicles 6
- (^) vertebrae 26
- (^) ribs & sternum 25_
- (^80)
AXIAL SKELETON
I. SKULL
= skeleton --- head & face
= flattened & irregular
= united by joints (sutures)
cranium -- skull minus mandible
calvarium -- skull after the bones of the
face have been removed
cavities: a. Cranial - contains the brain
b. Orbital - contains eyeball
& accessory organs
c. nasal