HUman anatomy and Physiology UNit 2, Assignments of Anatomy

Download HUman anatomy and Physiology UNit 2 and more Assignments Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

D. Pharma

1st Year

Human Anatomy

& Physiology

(ER20-14T)

Bhushan Hatwar Asst. Professor Faculty of Pharmacy Kalinga University Naya Raipur (C.G.), India

COURSE OBJECTIVES

• (^) Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
• (^) Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various

organs of the human body.

• (^) Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
• (^) Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human

body.

• (^) Perform the various experiments related to special senses and

nervous system.

• (^) Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each

system.

CONTENTS D. Pharm 1 Year ER20-14T Human Anatomy & Physiology S.No. Unit I 1 Osseous system: 2 Haemopoietic system 3 Lymphatic System

CONTENTS

• (^) Osseous system:
  • (^) Structure and function of skeleton.
  • (^) Classification of joints and their function,
  • (^) joint disorders.
• (^) Haemopoietic system
  • (^) Composition and functions of blood
  • (^) Process of Hemopoiesis
  • (^) Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets
  • (^) Mechanism of Blood Clotting
  • (^) Importance of Blood groups
• (^) Lymphatic System
  • (^) Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation.
  • (^) Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node

LECTURE PLAN Lecture No. Topics to be covered Slide No. L-1 Structure and function of skeleton. L-2 Classification of joints and their function, Joint Disorders L-3 Composition and functions of blood L-4 Process of Hemopoiesis L-5 Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs and platelets L-6 Mechanism of Blood Clotting & Importance of Blood groups L-7 Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation. L-8 Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node Quiz Answers

The Skeletal System

• (^) Divided into two divisions
  • (^) Axial skeleton
    • (^) Appendicular skeleton
• (^) Parts of the skeletal system
• (^) Bones (skeleton)
• (^) Joints
• (^) Cartilages
• (^) Ligaments

Functions of the Bones

• Support of the body
• Protection of soft organs
  • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
• Storage of minerals and fats
  • Blood cell formation

CLASSIFICATION of BONES

• (^) According to shape 2. short bones = cuboidal in shape = spongy bone with thin coat of compact bone e.g.: carpals (wrist), tarsal (ankle) bones 3. flat bones = broad or elongated flat plates = for protection & muscle attachments composition: 2 thin layers of compact tse. enclosing a thin layer of spongy bone e.g.: bones of the skull, sternum, ribs, scapula

CLASSIFICATION of BONES

• (^) According to shape 4. Irregular bones = all other bones not assigned to the previous groups e.g.: vertebrae pelvic bones bones of the base of the skull 5. Sesamoid bone -- short bone embedded in a tendon e.g.: patella

CLASSIFICATION of BONES

• (^) According to development 1. Membranous = starts as fibrous membrane, calcium gradually deposited until structure becomes ossified  intramembranous ossification e.g.: bones of the skull, mandible 2. Cartilagenous = starts as cartilage, gradually ossified enchondral or intracartilagenous ossification. e.g.: long bones

CLASSIFICATION of BONES

• (^) According to location
• (^) A X I A L
• (^) skull 22
• (^) hyoid 1
• (^) ossicles 6
• (^) vertebrae 26
• (^) ribs & sternum 25_
• (^80)

• UNIT
• Fig. 6.

AXIAL SKELETON

I. SKULL

= skeleton --- head & face

= flattened & irregular

= united by joints (sutures)

 cranium -- skull minus mandible

calvarium -- skull after the bones of the

face have been removed

 cavities: a. Cranial - contains the brain

b. Orbital - contains eyeball

& accessory organs

c. nasal