Human Anatomy & Physiology UNIT 3, Assignments of Anatomy

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D. Pharma

1st Year

Human Anatomy

& Physiology

(PHS1105)

Bhushan Hatwar Asst. Professor Faculty of Pharmacy Kalinga University Naya Raipur (C.G.), India PLEASE LEAVE THIS SPACE BLANK

COURSE OBJECTIVES

• (^) Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
• (^) Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
• (^) Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
• (^) Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
• (^) Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
• (^) Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system. BP101T – Human Anatomy & Physiology - I 2

CONTENTS B. Pharm Semester- I BP101T Human Anatomy & Physiology - I S.No. Unit I 1 Introduction to human body 2 Cellular level of organization 3 Tissue level of Organization BCA503- FUNDAMENTALS OF IT 4

CONTENTS

• (^) Cardiovascular System
  • (^) Structure & functions of various parts of the heart
  • (^) Arterial & venous system
  • (^) Blood pressure & its recording
  • (^) Brief information about cardiovascular disorders.
• (^) Respiratory system
  • (^) Various parts of respiratory system & their functions.
  • (^) Physiology of respiration.
• (^) Urinary systems
  • (^) Various parts of urinary systems & their functions,
  • (^) structure & functions of kidney.
  • (^) Physiology of Urine formation
  • (^) Pathophysiology of renal diseases & oedema. BCA503- FUNDAMENTALS OF IT 5

LECTURE PLAN Lecture No. Topics to be covered Slide No. L- L- L- L- L- L- L- L- Quiz Answers BCA503- FUNDAMENTALS OF IT 7

UNIT III - Lecture Plan

8

• L1 Introduction- Cardiovascular System 8- Lecture Topics to be covered Slide No.
• L2 Structure & functions of various parts of the heart 10-
• L3 Structure & functions of various parts of the heart 21-
• L4 Arterial & venous system 30-
• L5 Blood pressure & its recording 33-
• L6 Brief information about cardiovascular disorders
• L7 Brief information about cardiovascular disorders
• L8 Various parts of respiratory system & their functions. 37-
• L9 Various parts of respiratory system & their functions. 50-
• L10 Various parts of respiratory system & their functions. 62-
• L11 Physiology of respiration 73-

The Cardiovascular System:

The Heart

Heart Anatomy

• (^) Approximately the size of your fist
• (^) Location
  • (^) Superior surface of diaphragm
  • (^) Left of the midline
  • (^) Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum 11

Coverings of the Heart: Anatomy

• (^) Pericardium – a double-walled sac around the heart composed of:
  1. A superficial fibrous pericardium
  2. A deep two-layer serous pericardium a. The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium b. The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart
     • (^) They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity 13

Coverings of the Heart: Physiology

• (^) The Function of the Pericardium:
  • (^) Protects and anchors the heart
  • (^) Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
  • (^) Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment 14

Heart Wall

• (^) Epicardium – visceral layer of the serous pericardium
• (^) Myocardium – cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart
• (^) Fibrous skeleton of the heart – crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue
• (^) Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface 16

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Anterior View)

• (^) Vessels returning blood to the heart include:
  1. Superior and inferior venae cavae
  2. Right and left pulmonary veins
• (^) Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:
  1. Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries
  2. Ascending aorta (three branches) – a. Brachiocephalic b. Left common carotid c. Subclavian arteries 17

External Heart: Anterior View 19 Figure 18.4b

External Heart: Major Vessels of the Heart (Posterior View)

• (^) Vessels returning blood to the heart include:
  1. Right and left pulmonary veins
  2. Superior and inferior venae cavae
• (^) Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:
  1. Aorta
  2. Right and left pulmonary arteries 20