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The history of human evolution including locations and ages of some of the fossils and associated tools.
Typology: Exercises
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Worksheet
b. Are modern humans hominids? ______ Are chimpanzees hominids? ______ Are monkeys hominids? ______
c. How long have hominids existed?
Arrange the skulls (A-F) by general appearance between Australopithecus africanus (A) at one extreme and Homo sapiens (F) at the other. (Ignore images G & H: Note their state of preservation. Older fossils tend not to be well preserved!) Write the sequence (A, C, B, …) below.
Which features did you use in arranging this sequence?.
Compare this sequence to the hominid evolutionary tree from the first question (phylog.html). By holding the cursor over each skull (skulls.html), the name for the skull is shown. Is the morphological gradient (the sequence you wrote down) the same as the evolutionary sequence for fossil hominids (the evolutionary tree sequence)?
Compare the morphological gradient and the evolutionary sequence. If they are the same, what selection pressures favored sequence you wrote down? If they are different from the evolutionary sequence, what selection pressures might be responsible?
The maps are arranged from oldest to youngest.
Based on the maps, which species was first to leave Africa, and approximately when?
When and where did Homo sapiens originate?
When did Homo sapiens spread through central Europe? Compare the 2006 map (Mellars, "F.") with the more recent 2010 map (Muttoni et. al. "D2.").
When did Homo sapiens spread through the New World?