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Human Evolution Worksheet Spring 2012, Exercises of Biology

The history of human evolution including locations and ages of some of the fossils and associated tools.

Typology: Exercises

2020/2021

Uploaded on 04/20/2021

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Human evolution Spring 2012
Introduction: As an introduction to the big picture on human evolution, you will
examine some of the human remains, stone tools, and dating methods of the field of
paleanthropology. You may want to review the lecture and reading materials relation to
the history of life, evolution, and human evolution
The Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom-- Animalia
Phylum--Chordata
Class--Mammalia
Order--Primates
Suborder - - Haplorrhini
Superfamily - - Hominoidea
(includes Monkeys, Baboons, Gibbons, and all Hominidae)
Family--Hominidae "hominids"
(includes Australopithecus, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Human [maybe Orangutan])
Subtribe Homininae
(includes Australopithecus, Homo, Paranthropus, Pan )
Genus--Homo
(includes erectus, habilis, neanderthalensis, sapiens . . .)
Species--sapiens
Subspecies--sapiens
Key concepts:
The history of human evolution including locations and ages of some of the fossils
and associated tools.
What’s due
D2L Workshop 4 10 points
As always, be prepared! Write-down the answer to the questions starting on p 2
before opening workshop 4 on D2L.
In addition to using the individual links for each question, you can go to GEOS170C
Workshop 4. Either way, don’t forget your username and password for GEOS170C
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Human evolution Spring 2012

Introduction : As an introduction to the big picture on human evolution, you will

examine some of the human remains, stone tools, and dating methods of the field of

paleanthropology. You may want to review the lecture and reading materials relation to

the history of life, evolution, and human evolution

The Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom-- Animalia

Phylum--Chordata

Class--Mammalia

Order-- Primates

Suborder - - Haplorrhini

Superfamily - - Hominoidea

(includes Monkeys, Baboons, Gibbons, and all Hominidae)

Family--Hominidae "hominids"

(includes Australopithecus , Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Human [maybe Orangutan])

Subtribe Homininae

(includes Australopithecus , Homo , Paranthropus , Pan … )

Genus-- Homo

(includes erectus, habilis, neanderthalensis, sapiens.. .)

Species-- sapiens

Subspecies-- sapiens

Key concepts:

 The history of human evolution including locations and ages of some of the fossils

and associated tools.

What’s due

 D2L Workshop 4 10 points

As always, be prepared! Write-down the answer to the questions starting on p 2

before opening workshop 4 on D2L.

In addition to using the individual links for each question, you can go to GEOS170C

Workshop 4. Either way, don’t forget your username and password for GEOS170C

Worksheet

Answer each question below (copy & paste the worksheet into your word-processor).

The associated links provide the needed information, but also consult the readings and

the lecture notes. Then, attempt D2L Workshop 4 and transfer the information from the

worksheet into the workshop.

  1. Phylogenetic relationships (2 points) phylog.html a. What are the 5 traits of the "hominids?"

b. Are modern humans hominids? ______ Are chimpanzees hominids? ______ Are monkeys hominids? ______

c. How long have hominids existed?

  1. Morphology of the skulls. (2 points) skulls.html

Arrange the skulls (A-F) by general appearance between Australopithecus africanus (A) at one extreme and Homo sapiens (F) at the other. (Ignore images G & H: Note their state of preservation. Older fossils tend not to be well preserved!) Write the sequence (A, C, B, …) below.

Which features did you use in arranging this sequence?.

Compare this sequence to the hominid evolutionary tree from the first question (phylog.html). By holding the cursor over each skull (skulls.html), the name for the skull is shown. Is the morphological gradient (the sequence you wrote down) the same as the evolutionary sequence for fossil hominids (the evolutionary tree sequence)?

Compare the morphological gradient and the evolutionary sequence. If they are the same, what selection pressures favored sequence you wrote down? If they are different from the evolutionary sequence, what selection pressures might be responsible?

  1. Age and Range (2 points) locations.html

The maps are arranged from oldest to youngest.

Based on the maps, which species was first to leave Africa, and approximately when?

When and where did Homo sapiens originate?

When did Homo sapiens spread through central Europe? Compare the 2006 map (Mellars, "F.") with the more recent 2010 map (Muttoni et. al. "D2.").

When did Homo sapiens spread through the New World?