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HUN 1201 MIDTERM EXAM 2025/
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Which of the following is an herbal product that has recently been granted the status of "generally recognized as safe" and will be used as an alternative sweetener in the United States?
stevia
The process of converting protein to glucose is called:
gluconeogenesis
When blood glucose falls, the liver cells break down the glycogen through ____________ reactions into single molecules of glucose and release them into the blood stream.
hydrolysis
Which location along the GI tract is responsible for most of the work of carbohydrate digestion?
small intestine
____________ contributes about half the added sugars in the U.S. food supply and accounts for about 10 percent of the average energy intake in the United States.
glucose
Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index
cherries
_____________ is a polysaccharide, but not a dietary source of carbohydrate.
starch
Which of the following statements regarding lactose intolerance is false?
total elimination of milk products is necessary for those who are lactose intolerant.
When blood glucose levels fall, which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the liver to break down it's glycogen?
glucagon
Which of the following locations in the body store glycogen?
muscle, liver, and brain
The DRI recommendation for fiber intake is
25-35 grams per day
Some studies have shown that selecting foods with a low glycemic index may improve:
blood lipids, weight management, glucose control
By following MyPyramid and making careful food selections, a typical adult can obtain all the needed nutrients within an allowance of about ___________ kcalories.
1500
Which of the following elements is not part of various lipid compounds?
nitrogen
Which of the following is not a major source of trans fat?
eggs
Which of the following is not a role of lipids in the body?
provision on materials for hair and nail creation.
Of the following locations, which one is the site of the greatest fat digestion?
small intestine
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids important for all of the following except:
prevention of cancer
The roles of phospholipids include:
acting as an emulsifier, being part of cell membranes, helping fat-soluble substances pass in and out of cells
The excretion of bile into the feces helps reduce ______________
Which of the following elements makes proteins different from carbohydrates and fats?
nitrogen
Which of the following is not a feature of kwashiorkor?
slow development of condition
The most common sign of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is:
poor growth
During times of critical illness or protein malnutrition, plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the tissues causing swelling. This swelling is called:
edema
__________ is responsible for converting the inactive form of the enzyme pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin in the stomach.
a. none of these choices
b. hydrochloric acid
c. saliva
d. chymotrypsin
e. bile
a. none of these choices
Protein provides ____ kilocalories per gram.
4
Digestibility for most plant proteins is ________.
70%-90%
Fat helps add ________ to foods.
flavor, texture, aromas, palability
Which of the following is an advantage of hydrogenation?
prolonged shelf life of fats and alteration of food texture by making liquid vegetables more solid only.
Which of the following fatty acids in an essential fatty acid?
The DRI and Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet that is low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and provides _________ percent of the daily energy intake from fat.
20-
A/an ________ bond connects the acid end of one amino acid with the amino end of another, forming a link in a protein chain.
peptide
The process of _____________ is the making of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids.
gluconeogenesis
The quality of a food protein is determined by comparing its amino acid composition with the essential amino acid requirements of which population?
preschool children
The area of study that examines how environmental factors influence gene expression without changing the DNA is known as ________________.
epigenetics
Which of the following is a role that proteins assist with in your body?
muscle contraction, vision, blood clotting
Which population(s) require(s) protein intake to exceed RDA values of 0.8/kg of body weight?
pregnant women, children, infants, women who are breastfeeding
Which of the following statements regarding protein absorption is correct?
The digestive enzyme absorbs amino acids at rates that are optimal for the body's use, Enzymes in foods are digested just like all other proteins, Most proteins are broken down to amino acids before absorption..
In order for complementary proteins to function together, they must be consumed in:
the same day
The _____________ structure of proteins involves the interaction between two or more polypeptides.
quaternary
Recommendation Dietary Allowances are based on the
Estimated Average Requirement
Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency?
headaches
An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a
negative correlation
Which of the following is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
AI values are more tentative than RDA values.
Which of the following figures falls within the carbohydrate range of the AMDR?
50%
International units of energy are expressed in
kilocalories
Which of the following statements defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease
The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease.
Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120-lb person?
72
Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients?
some may be destroyed during cooking
The complete lining of a persons digestive tract is renewed approximately every
3-5 days
A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the smallest amount in the food?
cornstarch
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Which of the following is an enrichment nutrient for grains?
folate
The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the
endosperm
Which of the following is a characteristic of food serving sizes?
serving sizes on food labels are not always the same as those of the USDA food patterns.
The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning?
kcalorie control.
Population groups such as sedentary older men, sedentary older women, and active older women have a daily energy need (kcalories) of approximately
2000
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According to USDA Food Patterns, which of the following protein foods should be most limited?
baked beans
How many subgroups compromise the vegetable food group?
5
According to nutrition labeling laws, the amounts of what two vitamins must be listed on the package label as a percent Daily Value?
Vitamins A and C.
A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
Which statement regarding irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) is incorrect?
consuming large meals at regular intervals during the day may be an effective treatment in preventing IBS symptoms.
The ____________ is/are the body's major metabolic organ(s)
liver
Where goes chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin in the GI tract?
mouth
Which of the following statements regarding nutrient transport is false?
Chylomicrons move through the lymph and later enter the bloodstream at a point near the heart.
Which of the following types of nutrient absorption requires energy and occurs when nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) move against a concentration gradient?
active transport
Which of the following causes ulcers?
bacterial infections
Where does digestion begin?
mouth
Which GI tract hormone is secreted from the stomach wall in response to the presence of food in the stomach and resulting in hydrochloric acid being secreted into the stomach?
gastrin
Which of the following digestive secretions serves to emulsify fat so that enzymes can have access to break down the fat?
bile
Which organ of the GI tract has the strongest muscles?
stomach
