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IAAI CFI & NFPA 921 flashcard set
(without definitions) Test Questions with
Correct Verified Answers 2025-2026.
Graded A
"Rule of Nines" – ANS Medical concept, where major body areas are represented by increments of 9% *For example the head equals 9% 109F – ANS In hyperthermia, what core body temperature is generally fatal within minutes unless treated? 252 Calories & 1055 Joules - ANSOne BTU is equal to ________ calories *Which is equal to _________ Joules 4.0 to 10 w.c. - ANSThe typical water column range for gas service lines 4th Amendment - ANSThe amendment concerning search and seizure *Remember "knocking" 5th Amendment - ANSThe amendment concerning pleading, grand jury and double jeopardy
*Remember "hand over mouth" 6th Amendment - ANSThe amendment concerning speedy trial, impartial, right to counsel, and face witness *Remember "point to wrist watch" Absolute - ANSThe temperature scale based on the lowest possible temperature of absolute zero Acute - ANSA type of toxicity exposure that involves a one time exposure at a high level Advancing - ANSThe burned section of a wildfire that an investigator should enter first in order to begin examining the wildfire Aerial Layer - ANSThe layer in wildfire investigations, which begins at six feet above and up and includes branches, tree moss, and leaves Ambient Wind - ANSThe factor or force that can potentially overcome the fire's tendency to burn uphill, and in turn force the fire to burn downhill Ampacity - ANSConductor capacity Ampacity - ANSThe current that a conductor can carry continuously under conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating
Axisymmetric Plume - ANSA fire plume in the center of the room with no wall interface Backdraft - ANSA low-order explosion that is the result of an oxygen- depleted fire that produces high concentrations of incomplete combustion products, with a sudden mixture of air into the accumulated fuels Battery - ANSThe only source of electricity in a vehicle when the engine is not running Blast Overpressure - ANSThe primary differentiating factor between mechanical and chemical explosions is the mechanism that produces WHAT? Blast Pressure Front - ANSThe expanding leading edge of explosion reaction, which is primarily responsible for explosion damage and injuries BLEVE - ANSAn event that occurs when a vessel's contents are liquid and heating causes the liquid to exceed its boiling point and failure of the vessel occurs BLEVE - ANSThe most frequently encountered mechanical explosion Bow - ANSThe front of a boat Breaker Panel - ANSIn an electrical system, this device primarily functions as a main cutoff, electrical protection, and power distribution
Buoyant Force - ANSA force that is generated by temperature differences *Due to hot air rising because its less dense Buoyant Force - ANSFire plumes, ceiling jets and vent flows are examples of what type of force at work during a fire? Cable Staple - ANSThis structural component cannot be driven through insulation when properly installed Carbon Dioxide - ANSA type of suppression agent that is effective because it is non-corrosive, residue-less, non-conductive, and universally useful on most combustibles Carbon Monoxide - ANSBinds with hemoglobin in the blood approximately 250 times greater than oxygen Cascading - ANSAnother name for a secondary or subsequent explosion Catalytic Convertor and Turbocharger - ANSName the other two hottest components in a vehicle, other than the exhaust system. Changed or Transferred - ANSOne law of energy says that energy can not be created or destroyed; but can only be what?
Conductors - ANSThese provide a pathway for current to flow in an electrical system Congestion and Confinement - ANSThese two conditions are essential for an outdoor vapor cloud explosion to occur, otherwise the ignition of the flammable cloud would merely produce a flash fire Connection Points - ANSThe typical location on a circuit where electrical overheating is most likely to occur (eg. loose connection or resistive oxide at the connection) Contamination - ANSInhalation, cutaneous, ingestion, injection and ocular are the five routes of what? Convertor - ANSA device in an RV that transforms AC to DC Created or Destroyed - ANSOne law of energy says that energy cannot be what? Cumulative - ANSA type of toxicity exposure that involves repeated exposure over time Cupping - ANSA fire pattern in a wildfire, where the grass or foliage is beveled on the side facing the fire
Curiosity - ANSThe most common reason for children playing with fire Daubert Challenge - ANSA legal challenge to the reliability of expert's opinions, utilized to discover the method's testability, peer-reviewed, error rate, and community acceptance Dead Load - ANSThe weight of the building's materials Deck - ANSA permanent covering over a boat's compartment/ hull Deflagration - ANSA type of blastwave that is subsonic and does not produce a shockwave Deflagration and Detonation - ANSThe two main classes of combustion explosions Deposition - ANSA legal procedure that is part of discovery and seeks to obtain and preserve a testimony Detonation - ANSA type of blastwave that is supersonic and produces a shockwave Detonation - ANSA type of oxidation reaction and chemical explosion that produces a shockwave Diaphragm - ANSThe most common pressure regulator in a fuel gas system
Electrical Ignition - ANS(1) An electrical component being energized and (2) sufficient heat igniting nearby combustibles are the two primary conditions for what type of ignition to occur? Empirical Scale - ANSA temperature scale based on the freezing and boiling of water (eg. Fahrenheit and Celsius) Energy - ANSA property of matter manifested in the ability to perform work, such as movement or heat Engine - ANSThe fire origin location which often results in damage to the bottom of the windshield on the passenger side Exothermic Chemical Reaction - ANSThe mechanism that generates the pressure in a Chemical Explosion Expert Witness - ANSA type of witness testimony that must show reliable facts, methods, and application of methods Explosion - ANSA gas dynamic phenomenon, with gas released under pressure Explosion - ANSAn event that results in blast pressure injuries, shrapnel injuries, thermal injuries, and building collapse
Explosion Effects - ANSBlast pressure, dynamic drag loads, shrapnel, thermal, and seismic are five types of what? Explosions - ANSA phenomenon where a blast wave is generated in air by a rapid release of energy Explosives - ANSAny chemical compound, mixture, or device in which the primary purpose is to function by explosion Extension Cord - ANSThe common household product where an overload is most likely to occur Failure Analysis - ANSTimelines, systems analysis, fault trees, mathematical modeling, and fire testing are examples of WHAT type of tool? Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - ANSA systematic evaluation of all of the equipment or actions that could have lead to an incident Faster - ANSIn materials with lower thermal inertia, the temperature will rise slower or faster? Fault Tree - ANSA logic diagram used to analyze fires and explosions Fire Alarm Control Unit - ANSOne of the most important components of a fire alarm system, which is the central operating unit
Fire Heel - ANSThe section of a wildfire, where the origin is normally located Fire Pattern - ANSVisible or measurable changes formed by a fire effects Fire Patterns - ANSSurface deposits, surface thermal effects, charring, penetration, and consumption are the five categories of what? Fire Plume - ANSThe column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above fire Fire Plume - ANSThis is thought to be the single most important factor in fire scene reconstruction Fire Point - ANSThe temperature at which a vaporizing liquid results in sustained burning Fire Science - ANSThe body of knowledge concerning fire, fire dynamics, thermodynamics, fire chemistry etc Fire Science - ANSThe study of the basic understanding of ignition and combustion Fire Spread - ANSThe fire characteristic that has three mechanisms: direct flame impingement, remote ignition by heat transfer, and dropdown
Fire Tetrahedron - ANSA concept of fire science, which explains that fire is comprised of the fuel, oxidizing agent, heat, and an uninhibited chemical chain reaction Five Compartments - ANSHow many compartments can a vehicle be divided into? (exterior, engine, passenger, cargo, and underchassis) Flames - ANSA phenomenon that is NOT present in all fires *For example, smoldering fires Flammable Range - ANSThe range between LEL and UEL Flash Point - ANSThe lowest temperature of a liquid that leads to a momentary flame across its surface Flashover - ANSA phenomenon characterized when the upper layer reaches 1100°F and the heat flux reaches 20 kW/m2 (or 2 W/cm2) Forces - ANSThe purpose of building's structure is to resist WHAT? Fugitive Gas - ANSAlso known as "escaping gas" Fugitive Natural Gas - ANSWhat is the most common cause of an accidental diffuse-phase explosion?
Heat Capacity - ANSThe measure of the amount of heat held or maintained in the material Heat Flux - ANSHeat transfer rate per unit area (or power per unit area) Heat Flux - ANSThis concept is measured in kW/m2 or W/cm Heat Generation - ANSWhat do these four occurrences each generate which leads to an electrical ignition: (1) parting arcs by short circuit and ground fault, (2) excessive overcurrent, (3) resistance heating, (4) and ordinary sources (eg. heater)? Heat Transfer - ANSWhen heat naturally moves from a higher temperature mass to a lower temperature mass High Density Materials - ANSThese types of materials conduct heat faster, because heat is about molecular vibration and such materials more readily allow for vibration High Explosive - ANSA type of explosive that is primarily initiated by heat or shock (like a small explosion or detonation), resulting in a supersonic detonation High-order Damage - ANSA category of explosion damage that results in long distance shattered debris, in small pieces
Hourglass Pattern - ANSA fire pattern created by the combination of the lower inverted V-shape of the flame zone and the upper V-shape of the plume HRR - ANSThe primary factor of fire growth in pre-flashover fires Hull - ANSThe structural body of a boat Hydrogen Cyanide - ANSA toxin that impacts oxygen utilization and cellular respiration, in the Krebs cycle Hypoxia - ANSCaused by breathing an oxygen-reduced atmosphere And, less than 10% oxygen leads to unconsciousness and death Ignition - ANSInitiation of self-sustained combustion Incendiary Fire - ANSMultiple fires, trailers, pour patterns, positive samples, or incendiary devices indicate what type of fire? Inhalation - ANSThe most common, most rapid, and most important contamination route at a fire scene Intent - ANSWhen one aims to do an act (which is a necessary component to show proof of a crime)
LEL - ANSThe end of the explosive mixture range that does NOT tend to produce much post-explosion fire, because nearly all of the available fuel is consumed in explosion propagation Lens Aperture - ANSThe part of the camera that controls the amount of light admitted and involves f-stops Less Violent - ANSAn explosion occurring near LEL or UEL tend to be _______________ than those occurring near optimum stoichometric concentrations Live loads - ANSThe weight of temporary structural loads, such as snow Lividity - ANSThe body's postmortem settling of blood Low Explosive - ANSA type of explosive that carries both the fuel and necessary oxygen for combustion, resulting in a subsonic deflagration Low-order Damage - ANSA category of explosion damage resulting in short distances, intact debris, and dislodged members Lower Flammable Limit - ANSThe minimum percentage of fuel in air at which combustion can occur Mass Arson - ANSThree or more arsons at the same site, within a limited timeframe
Mathematical Modeling - ANSThese tools predict real world phenomena with scientific principles and empirical data Mechanical and Chemical - ANSThe two major types of explosions Minimum Explosible Concentration - ANSThe minimum concentration of a dust cloud capable of propagating a deflagration through the uniform mixture of dust-and-air Motive - ANSThe explanation for "Why?" an act would be committed (not a required element of crime) Narcotic Gases - ANSCarbon monoxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, and Oxygen- depleted air (hypoxia) are examples of what category of toxins in fires? Natural Gas - ANSA type of gas that is mostly methane and lighter than air (0.59 to 0.72 vapor density) Negative Pressure Phase - ANSThe low pressure phase of a blast pressure front, which is created by positive pressure, causing air to rush back toward the origin to equalize the low pressure condition Negligence - ANSThe legal claim that involves a duty, failure, proximate cause, and loss
