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Rules for english spelling, focusing on the placement of i before e, exceptions to this rule, the use of silent e, doubling consonants, and changing y to i when adding suffixes.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
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belief niece achieve
conceit receive ceiling
height leisure their
seize caffeine protein counterfeit
middle little kettle uncle bible example possible sensible horrible people candle responsible
The general rule is this:
If there is a short vowel before the t, l, r, d, m, or c sound in a word, double the consonant.
REMEMBER: a short vowel sounds like:
When words have:
(ending).
short vowel syllable final consonant
e.g. wet
has one short vowel has one syllable has one final consonant
wet wettest (or wetter) shop shopping (or shopped) slim slimmer (or slimmest) chat chatty sun sunny dip dipped
a vowel suffix:
Exceptions to the โlโ rule
There are a few exceptions to this rule, which you need to learn: e.g. legal legalise
Most words that begin with the sound of the letter โ x โ have โ exc โ at the beginning: DONโT FORGET THE C! excite, except, excellent, excess
Both โceโ and โseโ make an โsโ sound at the end of a word โ but โceโ is more usual: experience nonsense absence increase
Some words change from โ ce โ to โ se โ when they are used as a verb rather than a noun :
Ask yourself whether the word is describing an action (verb) or is naming something (noun)
can/cel cancelled ex/pel expelling tra/vel travelling
NOUN VERB Example practise Jane decided that she needed to practise her tables. practice The practice begins at six.