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Immune System Pathophysiology, Exams of Nursing

Sharda UniversityNursing

A wide range of advanced questions related to the pathophysiology of the immune system. It delves into various aspects of the immune response, including the mechanisms of pathogen clearance, the role of different immune cells and cytokines, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmunity, and the significance of memory cells. The questions explore topics such as the activation and regulation of the immune system, the differences between innate and adaptive immunity, the specifics of t cell and b cell responses, and the implications of immune system dysfunction. This comprehensive set of questions could be valuable for students studying immunology, pathology, or related fields, as it provides an in-depth examination of the complex processes involved in the body's defense against infections and diseases.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/19/2024

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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 NEWEST 2024
ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
1. What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory response? a) To create
immunity against pathogens b) To prevent the spread of infection c) To lyse foreign
cell membranes d) To promote cellular apoptosis
Answer: b) To prevent the spread of infection
2. Which cell type is predominantly involved in the acute inflammatory response?
a) Eosinophils b) Basophils c) Neutrophils d) Lymphocytes
Answer: c) Neutrophils
3. What factor leads to the redness and heat in inflamed tissue? a) Histamine release
b) Increased blood flow c) Wound healing factors d) Decreased tissue perfusion
Answer: b) Increased blood flow
4. What is a major systemic response to inflammation? a) Local swelling b) Pain at
the injured site c) Fever d) Tissue necrosis
Answer: c) Fever
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Download Immune System Pathophysiology and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 NEWEST 2024

ACTUAL EXAM 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY

GRADED A+

  1. What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory response? a) To create immunity against pathogens b) To prevent the spread of infection c) To lyse foreign cell membranes d) To promote cellular apoptosis Answer: b) To prevent the spread of infection
  2. Which cell type is predominantly involved in the acute inflammatory response? a) Eosinophils b) Basophils c) Neutrophils d) Lymphocytes Answer: c) Neutrophils
  3. What factor leads to the redness and heat in inflamed tissue? a) Histamine release b) Increased blood flow c) Wound healing factors d) Decreased tissue perfusion Answer: b) Increased blood flow
  4. What is a major systemic response to inflammation? a) Local swelling b) Pain at the injured site c) Fever d) Tissue necrosis Answer: c) Fever
  1. Which plasma protein system is primarily responsible for clot formation? a) Complement system b) Coagulation system c) Kinin system d) Fibrinolytic system Answer: b) Coagulation system
  2. Which cells are considered antigen-presenting cells (APCs)? a) B cells b) Cytotoxic T cells c) Neutrophils d) Eosinophils Answer: a) B cells
  3. What is the function of cytokines in the inflammatory process? a) Promote blood vessel dilation b) Regulate iron metabolism c) Facilitate apoptosis d) Activate B cells exclusively Answer: a) Promote blood vessel dilation
  4. What is the role of macrophages in the healing process? a) They directly lyse pathogens b) They produce antibodies c) They clear debris and promote tissue repair d) They enhance vasodilation Answer: c) They clear debris and promote tissue repair
  1. What is the primary role of T helper cells? a) To directly kill infected cells b) To assist in activating B cells and other immune cells c) To produce antibodies d) To suppress immune responses Answer: b) To assist in activating B cells and other immune cells
  2. Which of the following is a characteristic of the secondary immune response? a) It is faster than the primary response b) It involves only B cells c) Antibodies are produced in lower quantities d) It occurs exclusively in the lymph nodes Answer: a) It is faster than the primary response
  3. What is the significance of CD4+ T cells in the immune response? a) They directly kill virus-infected cells b) They act as antigen-presenting cells c) They help regulate the immune response d) They produce antibodies Answer: c) They help regulate the immune response
  4. Which of the following is a systemic manifestation of inflammation? a) Edema b) Redness c) Fever d) Pain Answer: c) Fever
  1. What molecule acts as an opsonin in the immune response? a) IgE b) C3b c) IL- d) Histamine Answer: b) C3b
  2. During which phase of wound healing does granulation tissue form? a) Hemostasis b) Inflammatory phase c) Proliferative phase d) Remodeling phase Answer: c) Proliferative phase
  3. Which cytokine is primarily involved in promoting hematopoiesis? a) IL-1 b) IL- c) IL-3 d) TNF-alpha Answer: c) IL-
  4. What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response? a) Antibody production b) Antigen presentation c) Cytotoxic activity d) Suppression of immune responses Answer: b) Antigen presentation
  5. How do natural killer (NK) cells recognize their targets? a) By binding to antibodies b) By recognizing MHC class I molecules c) By detecting stress proteins on infected cells d) By chemotactic signals Answer: c) By detecting stress proteins on infected cells
  1. Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in serum? a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgG Answer: d) IgG
  2. What process is primarily responsible for the clearance of pathogens by phagocytosis? a) Opsonization b) Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity c) Complement activation d) Apoptosis Answer: a) Opsonization
  3. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgG or IgM antibodies causing cell destruction? a) Type I hypersensitivity b) Type II hypersensitivity c) Type III hypersensitivity d) Type IV hypersensitivity Answer: b) Type II hypersensitivity
  4. What is the primary function of memory B cells? a) To present antigens to T cells b) To produce antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen c) To regulate T cell activity d) To act as phagocytes Answer: b) To produce antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen
  1. During an anaphylactic reaction, which substance is primarily responsible for vasodilation? a) Histamine b) Bradykinin c) Prostaglandins d) Cytokines Answer: a) Histamine
  2. Which components are involved in the hypersensitivity reaction Type I? a) IgG b) IgM c) IgE d) IgA Answer: c) IgE
  3. What is the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in inflammation? a) Acts as an opsonin b) Serves as a marker for inflammation c) Enhances cell-mediated cytotoxicity d) Inhibits cytokine release Answer: b) Serves as a marker for inflammation
  4. What characterizes the humoral immune response? a) Activation of T cells b) Antibody production by B cells c) Cytotoxic activity against infected cells d) Phagocytosis of pathogens Answer: b) Antibody production by B cells
  5. What is the primary challenge in treating autoimmune diseases? a) Identifying pathogenic organisms b) Modulating the immune system without causing further

Complete abstinence from physical activity d) Use of highly potent corticosteroids Answer: b) Regular physical activity and anti-inflammatory medication

  1. What is the primary role of cytokines in the immune response? a) Cell lysis b) Cell signaling and regulation c) Antigen presentation d) Phagocytosis Answer: b) Cell signaling and regulation
  2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic inflammation? a) Persistent inflammation b) Tissue destruction c) Scarring d) Rapid infiltration of neutrophils Answer: d) Rapid infiltration of neutrophils
  3. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by immune complex deposition? a) Type I b) Type II c) Type III d) Type IV Answer: c) Type III
  4. What is the role of complement proteins in the immune response? a) Antigen recognition b) Neutralization of pathogens c) Enhanced phagocytosis and lysis of pathogens d) Both b and c Answer: d) Both b and c
  1. Which of the following statements about apoptosis is true? a) It is a form of programmed cell death that often causes inflammation. b) It is characterized by cellular swelling and rupture. c) It plays a role in normal cellular turnover and development. d) It typically requires extensive immune involvement. Answer: c) It plays a role in normal cellular turnover and development.
  2. Which type of immune memory provides long-lasting protection after vaccination? a) B memory cells b) T memory cells c) Both B and T memory cells d) Neither B nor T memory cells Answer: c) Both B and T memory cells
  3. What do chemokines do in the inflammatory process? a) Promote cell lysis b) Activate complement c) Attract immune cells to sites of inflammation d) Induce apoptosis Answer: c) Attract immune cells to sites of inflammation
  4. During healing by secondary intention, what prevents infection? a) Granulation tissue b) Ongoing inflammation c) Formation of a scab d) Angiogenesis Answer: a) Granulation tissue

Dependent solely on complement activation Answer: b) T-cell mediated responses

  1. In which phase of healing do fibroblasts play a crucial role? a) Inflammatory phase b) Proliferative phase c) Remodeling phase d) None of the above Answer: b) Proliferative phase
  2. What is the major consequence of chronic inflammation? a) Reduced immune response b) Tissue destruction and fibrosis c) Hyperimmune response d) Complete restoration of tissue Answer: b) Tissue destruction and fibrosis
  3. Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta? a) IgA b) IgE c) IgD d) IgG Answer: d) IgG
  4. What cellular response is primarily activated in response to a viral infection? a) Humoral immunity b) Innate immunity c) Cytotoxic T cell response d) Phagocytosis Answer: c) Cytotoxic T cell response
  5. What is the primary mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? a) Increase cytokine production b) Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)

enzymes c) Suppress immune cell proliferation d) Enhance phagocytosis Answer: b) Inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes

  1. What physiological change typically accompanies fever? a) Vasoconstriction b) Increased metabolic rate c) Decreased heart rate d) All of the above Answer: b) Increased metabolic rate
  2. In the context of immunology, what is clonal selection? a) Selection of a single antibody for distribution b) Activation and proliferation of specific lymphocyte clones c) The process of antibody diversity d) The elimination of non-functional cells Answer: b) Activation and proliferation of specific lymphocyte clones Continuing Questions (61-200)
  3. What type of cell is most effective in clearing viral infections? a) Macrophages b) Dendritic cells c) Cytotoxic T cells d) B cells Answer: c) Cytotoxic T cells
  4. Which type of vaccine is made from inactivated pathogens? a) Live attenuated vaccine b) Killed vaccine c) Subunit vaccine d) Toxoid vaccine Answer: b) Killed vaccine
  1. What factor is most responsible for the formation of pus in infections? a) Lipopolysaccharides b) Neutrophils c) Eosinophils d) Monocytes Answer: b) Neutrophils
  2. Which of the following processes best describes the role of integrins during inflammation? a) Promoting cell apoptosis b) Facilitating leukocyte adhesion and migration c) Enhancing pathogen lysis d) Activating the complement pathway Answer: b) Facilitating leukocyte adhesion and migration
  3. Which cell type is primarily involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions? a) T helper cells b) Mast cells c) Cytotoxic T cells d) B lymphocytes Answer: b) Mast cells
  4. What is the molecular mechanism by which corticosteroids exert their anti- inflammatory effects? a) Inhibition of cytokine synthesis b) Enhancement of arachidonic acid metabolism c) Stimulation of cell proliferation d) Direct neutralization of pathogens Answer: a) Inhibition of cytokine synthesis
  1. Which cytokine is known for its role in promoting inflammation and activating immune cells? a) IL-10 b) IL-4 c) TNF-alpha d) TGF-beta Answer: c) TNF-alpha
  2. What is the role of the lymphatic system in the immune response? a) Transport nutrients to tissues b) Drain excess fluid from tissues c) Filter pathogens and facilitate antigen presentation d) Both b and c Answer: d) Both b and c
  3. In what type of hypersensitivity reaction can both antibodies and T cells be involved? a) Type I b) Type II c) Type III d) Type IV Answer: d) Type IV
  4. What effect does histamine have during an immune response? a) Bronchoconstriction b) Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability c) Increased heart rate d) Inhibition of cytokine production Answer: b) Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
  5. Which of the following best describes the concept of 'autoimmunity'? a) Excessive immune response to external antigens b) Immune response directed against

targeting Answer: c) IgE mediation and immediate response

  1. What is the primary role of eosinophils during allergic reactions? a) Antigen presentation b) Phagocytosis c) Defense against parasitic infections and modulation of allergic responses d) Cytotoxic activity Answer: c) Defense against parasitic infections and modulation of allergic responses
  2. What is typically observed during localized inflammation? a) Uniform swelling throughout the body b) Increased blood flow and immune cell infiltration c) Fever and chills d) Decreased vascular permeability Answer: b) Increased blood flow and immune cell infiltration
  3. In which of the following conditions is the complement system most crucial? a) Intracellular pathogen infections b) Allergic reactions c) Autoimmunity d) Bacterial infections Answer: d) Bacterial infections
  1. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for downregulating the immune response? a) IL-10 b) TNF-alpha c) IL-1 d) IL- Answer: a) IL-
  2. Which condition is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that target nuclear components? a) Rheumatoid arthritis b) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis d) Type I diabetes Answer: b) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  3. What is the purpose of using vaccines? a) To directly kill pathogens b) To induce immunity without causing disease c) To enhance the inflammatory response d) To provide immediate protection against infections Answer: b) To induce immunity without causing disease
  4. What characteristic distinguishes passive immunity from active immunity? a) Duration of protection b) Method of acquisition c) Type of immune cells involved d) Differences in effectiveness Answer: b) Method of acquisition