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A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions and answers covering various aspects of immunology, including allergy development, immune responses to helminths, t cell development, and b cell function. It is a valuable resource for students studying immunology, offering insights into key concepts and challenging their understanding of the subject.
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Which of the following is not associated with allergy development early in life? a) decreased animal exposure b) decreased siblingship c) bottle feeding d) teething Answer: d) teething What is the primary immune response which is responsible for dealing with helminths? a) Tc cell-mediated b) TH2 cell-mediated
c) Plasma cell-mediated d) Humoral (antibody) e) Complement Answer: b) TH2 cell-mediated Infection by which of the following worm species is most associated with the developed world? A. - Necator americanus (Hookworm) B. - Strongyloides stercoralis C. - Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) D. - Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) Answer - D
Correct answer: D. CD3, which allows cell surface T-cell receptor expression. The extrinsic pathway: a. does NOT depend on the activation of protease activity b. depends on failure of mitochondrial integrity c. is initiated by death receptors d. all of the above Correct answer is C. The extrinsic pathway does get initiated by death receptors and DOES depend on the activation of protease activity. But, the extrinsic pathway does not depend on failure of mitochondrial integrity. The Extrinsic Pathway does Not: A) Depends on Failure of mitochondrial integrity B) Get initiated by death receptors
C) Depend on activation of protease activity D) Explain the phenomenon of activation induced cell death E) All the Above The Correct answer is A) Which Ig is best associated with gut microbiota functions? A) IgA B) IgG C) IgD D) IgE Answer: A) IgA Which of the following helminths replicates within the human host? A. Ascariasis lumbricodes
IgE IgA Experiment: Researchers analyzed the thymocytes from normal H-2b mice, which have a deletion of the class II IE gene, and from H-2b mice in which the class II IA gene had been knocked out. Question: What MHC molecules would you find on antigen-presenting cells from the normal H-2b mice?
Answer: Class I K, D, and L molecules and class II IA molecules. Apoptosomes are initiated to induce apoptosis. In regard to the complex, what biological substrates are required to create the apoptosome? A: CD3, CCR7, Caspase- 8 B: Cytochrome C, Pro-Caspase 9, Apaf- 1 C: Cytochrome C, Caspase 9, Apaf- 1
D: Bim, Cytochrome C, Caspase 3 Answer: C. Caspase 9 is activate, and is within this form, as it becomes part of the apoptosome complex. What elements does a recombination signal sequence (RSS) consist of? A) An absolutely conserved, 7-bp (heptameter) consensus sequence 5'-CACAGTG - 3' B) A less concerned spacer of either 12 or 23 bp C) A second conserved, 9-bp (nonuser) consensus sequence sequence 5'- ACAAAAACC-3' D) A and C E) A, B, and C Answer: E What percentage of B cells undergo successful heavy and light chain gene rearrangement? A) 10%
A) \gamma\deltaγδ T cells utilize a small TCR V gene germ-line repertoire, while \alpha\betaαβ T cells have access to a large repertoire. B) \gamma\deltaγδ T cells make up only a small portion of the total T cell population. C) Unlike the more well-known \alpha\betaαβ T cell surface markers, \gamma\deltaγδ T cells generally express the surface markers CD4+CD8+ and CD4-CD8-. D) The \gamma\deltaγδ T cells MHC restrictions are the exact opposite to \alpha\betaαβ T cell MHC restrictions. E) More than one of the above statements is correct. Answer: E (neither C nor D describe the correct differences between the 2 types of T cells) Which of the following is true in relation to the relative level of specific IgM antibodies? A. relatively high levels of IgM often correlate with a first recent exposure to the inducing agent. B. viral infection often results in very high IgM responses C.human IgM causes light reactions. D. IgM is easier to detect than other antibodies.
Reply Reply to Comment Correct answer is A. Which of the following presents a paradox to the hygiene hypothesis in reference to helminths? A. Both allergic responses and helminth responses are dominated by TH2 type responses. B. A majority of helminths do not replicate within the human host. C. Presence of tissue helminths results in diminished responsiveness to antigens from the infesting parasite. D. Both allergic responses and helminth infections are primarily dealt with using the complement system. Answer: A. Both allergic responses and helminth responses are dominated by TH2 type responses, which is counterintuitive to the hygiene hypothesis. If they're dominated by the TH2 type response, why do worms protect against allergic conditions? What part of the immune response to the worm causes the most damage to the host?
Which of the following describes the process that selects against T cells bearing high- affinity receptors for self-MHC/peptide complexes? A. receptor editing B. positive selection C. negative selection D. death by neglect Answer: C Which of the following is NOT something that T cells and B cells share? A. V(D)J recombination B. Alpha and Beta chains C. RAG genes D. 12-23 Rule E. Junctional Diversity
Answer: B. Alpha and Beta chains Which statement is true about \gamma\deltaγδ T cells? a. MHC I restricted b. both MHC I and MHC II restricted c. not MHC restricted d. uses large TCR V gene germline repertoire answer: c. not MHC restricted Activation of T cells produces which of the following effects on naive T cells: I. Cell survival II. Cell-cycle entry III. Cell differentiation
Which of the following is false? a. PHA is to T cells as ConA is to T cells. b. LPS is to B cells as PWM is to B cells. c. ConA is to T cells as PWM is to B cells. d. PHA is to B cells as LPS is to B cells. Answer: D What are characteristics shared between T cells and B cells? A. Begin as stem cells B. Express antigen specific receptor C. Form clones of identical cells when activated D. Form memory cells E. All of the above Answer: E
Using what you know about positive and negative selection, which of the following is false? a.) Double positive thymocytes are the most abundant subpopulation in the thymus b.) Mature T cells will recognize foreign MHC/peptide combinations c.) Negative selection results in self-tolerance d.) The majority of double positive thymocytes never meet selection criteria and die by apoptosis in the thymus e.) All of the above are correct Answer: b; Mature T cells recognize only foreign antigen combined with self-MHC molecules Which of the following are not common to both T cells and B cells? A. Positive selection B. Negative selection
a. TH b. TH c. TH d. all of the above e. none of the above Answer: D Which of the following are expressed by thymocytes in the DN1 stage of development? a) c-kit b) CD c) CD d) CD e) two of the above f) all of the above Answer: E (c-kit and CD44)
Which of the following statements is false: a) Syngenic mice are identical at all loci b) MHC molecules can be codominantly expressed c) MHC molecules only display foreign peptides c) Multiple genes code for MHC molecules with slightly different structure but with similar function Answer: C At what stage of T cell maturation is TdT expression most prevalent? A. Pre-T Stage B. Pro-T Stage C. Naïve Mature T-cell Stage D. Immature T-cell Stage Answer: B
