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Why |is |infection |control |in |dentistry |important? |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |both |patients |and |dental |health |care |personnel |(DHCP) |can |be |exposed |to |pathogens |
- |contact |with |blood, |oral |and |respiratory |secretions, |and |contaminated |equipment |occurs |
- |proper |procedures |can |prevent |transmision |of |infections |among |patients |and |dental |healthcare |personnel
What |are |four |modes |of |transmission? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Direct |contact |with |blood |or |body |fluids |
- |indirect |contact |with |a |contaminated |instrument |or |surface |
- |contact |of |mucosa |of |the |eyes, |nose, |or |mouth |with |droplets |or |spatter |
- |inhalation |of |airborne |microorganisms
Give |the |chain |of |infection. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |pathogen |
- |source |
- |mode |
- |entry |
- |susceptible |host |
- |pathogen
standard |precautions |apply |to |ALL |patients |and |integrate|and |expand |Universal |Precautions |to |include |organisms |spread |by |blood |and |alos |what |three |things? |-
|correct |answer |✔1. |body |fluids, |secretions, |and |excretions |except |sweat, |whether |or |not |they |contain |blood |
- |non-intact |(broken) |skin |
- |mucous |membranes
What |are |the |five |elements |of |standard |precautions? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |handwashing
- |use |of |gloves, |masks, |eye |protection, |and |gowns |
- |patient |care |equipment |
- |environmental |surfaces |
- |injury |prevention
What |are |five |personnel |health |elements |of |an |infection |control |program? |-
|correct |answer |✔1. |education |and |training |
- |immunizations |
- |exposure |prevention |and |postexopsure |management |
- |medical |condition |management |and |work-related |illnesses |and |restrictions
- |health |record |maintenance
What |are |three |examples |of |bloodborne |viruses? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Hep |B
- |Hep |C
- |HIV
Low/Not |Detectable: |
- |Urine |
- |Feces
- |Sweat
- |Tears
- |Breast |Milk
What |are | 3 |important |things |to |remember |about |the|Hepatitis |B |Vaccine? |-
|correct |answer |✔1. |Vaccinate |all |dental |healthcare |professionals |who |are |at |risk |of |exposure |to |blood |2. |provide |access |to |qualified |health |care |professionals |for |administration |and |follow-up |testing
- |test |for |anti-HBs | 1 |to | 2 |months |after |3rd |dose
As |far |as |HCV |Infection |in |Dental |Healthcare |settings, |risk |of |HCV |transmission
|appears |very |high/low. |- |correct |answer |✔low
What |are |four |risk |factors |for |HIV |Transmission |after |percutaneous |exposure |to
|HIV-Infected |blood |per |a |CDC |case-control |study? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |deep |injury |
- |visible |blood |on |device |
- |needle |placed |in |artery |or |vein |
- |terminal |illness |in |source |patient
What |are |five |characteristics |of |percutaneous |injuries |among |dental |healthcare
|professionals? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |reported |frequency |among |general |dentists |has |declined |
- |caused |by |burs, |syring |needles, |other |sharps
- |occur |outside |patient's |mouth |
- |involve |small |amounts |of |blood |
- |among |oral |surgeons, |occur |more|frequently |during |fracture |reductions |and |procedures |involving |wire
What |are |three |exposure |preventing |strategies? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |engineering |controls |
- |work |practice |controls |
- |administrative |controls
Describe |engineering |controls. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |isolate |or |remove |hazard
- |examples: |sharps |container |and/or |medical |devices |with |injury |protection |features |(ie |self-sheathing |needles)
Describe |work |practice|controls? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |change |the |manner |of |performing |tasks |
- |examples |include |using |instruments |instead |of |fingers |to |retract |or |palpate |tissue |and/or |one-handed |needle |recapping
Describe |administrative |controls. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |policies, |procedures, |and |enforcement |measures |
- |placement |in |the |hierarchy |varies |by |the|problem |being |addresses |(placed |before |engineering |controls |for |airborne |precautions |like|TB)
By |definition, |what |is |antiseptic |handwashing? |- |correct |answer |✔washing |hands |with |water |and |soap |or |other |detergents |containing |an |antiseptic |agent.
By |definition, |what |is |alcohol-based |handrub? |- |correct |answer |✔rubbing |hands |with |an |alcohol-containing |preparations
By |definition, |what |is |surgical |antisepsis? |- |correct |answer |✔Handwashing |with |an |antiseptic |soap |or |an |alcohol-based |handrub |before |operations |by |surgical |personnel.
Describe |the |efficacy |of |hand |hygiene |preparations |in |reduction |of |bacteria. |- |correct |answer |✔Good--plain |soap |
Better--Antimicrobial |soap |
Best--alcohol-based |handrub
What |are |the |benefits |of |alcohol-based |preparations? |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |rapid |and |effective |antimicrobial |action |
- |improved |skin |condition |
- |more |accessible |than |sinks
What |are |the |limitations |to |alcohol-based |preparations? |(3) |- |correct |answer
|✔1. |cannot |be |used |if |hands |are |visibly |soiled |
- |store |away |from |high |temperatures |or |flames |
- |hand |softeners |and |glove |powders |may |"build |up"
What |are |five |special |hand |hygiene |considerations? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |use |hand |lotions |to |prevent |skin |dryness |
- |consider |compatibility |of |hand |care |products |with |gloves |(ie |mineral |oils |and |petroleum |bases |may |cause |early |glove |failure) |
- |keep |fingernails |short |
- |avoid |artificial |nails |
- |avoid |hand |jewelry |that |may |tear |gloves
What |are |three |characteristics |of |personal |protective |equipment? |- |correct
|answer |✔1. |major |component |of |standard |precautions
- |protects |skin |and |mucous |membranes |from |exposure |to |infectious |materials |in |spray |or |spatter |
- |should |be |removed |when |leaving |treatment |areas
What |are |three |charactersitics |of |masks, |protective |eyewear, |and |face |shields? |-
|correct |answer |✔1. |wear |a |surgical |mask |and |either |eye|protection |with |solid |side |shields |or |a |face |shield |to |protect |mucous |membranes |of |the |eyes, |nose, |and |mouth |
- |change |masks |between |patients |
- |clean |reusable |face |protection |between |patients; |if |visibly |soiled, |clean |and |disinfect
What |are |three |characteristics |of |protective |clothing? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |wear |gowns, |lab |coats, |or |uniforms |that |cover |skin |and |personal |clothing |likely |to |become |soiled |with |blood, |saliva, |or |infectious |material |
- |change |if |visibly |soiled |
- |remove |all |barriers|before |leaving |the |work |area
Describe |irritant |contact |dermatitis. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |not |an |allergy |
- |dry, |itchy, |irritated |areas
Describe |allergic |contact |dermatitis. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Type |IV |delayed |hypersensitivity |
- |may |result |from |allergy |to |chemicals |used |in |glove |manufacturing
What |are | 5 |general |recommendations |about |contact |dermantitis |and |latex
|allergy? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |education |dental |healthcare |personnel |about |reactions |associated |with |frequeny |hand |hygiene |and |glove|use |
- |get |a |medical |diagnosis |
- |screen |patients |from |latex |allergy |
- |ensure |a |latex-safe |environment
- |have |latex-free |kits |available |(dental |and |emergency)
Describe |critical |instruments |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |penetrate |mucous |membranes |or |contact |bone, |the |bloodstream, |or |other |normally |sterile |tissues |(of |the |mouth) |
- |heat |sterilize |between |uses |or |use |sterile|single-use, |disposable |devices |
- |examples: |surgical |instruments, |scalpel |blades, |periodontal |scalers, |and |surgical |dental |burs
Describe |semi-critical |instruments. |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |contact |mucous |membranes |but |do |not |penetrate |soft |tissue |
- |heat |sterilize |or |high-level |disinfect |
- |examples: |dental |mouth |mirrors, |amalgam |condensors, |and |dental |handpieces
Describe |Noncritical |Instruments |and |Devices. |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |Contact |intact |skin |
- |clean |and |disinfect |using |a |low |to |intermediate |level |disinfectant
- |examples: |X-Ray |heads, |facebows, |pulse |oximeter, |blood |pressure |cuff
Use |a |designated |processing |area |to |control |____. |- |correct |answer |✔quality |and |ensure |safety
You |should |divide |instrument |processing |area |into |what |four |work |areas? |-
|correct |answer |✔1. |receiving, |cleaning, |and |decontamination |
- |preparation |and |packaging |
- |sterilization |
- |storage
What |are |three |means |of |automated |cleaning? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |ultrasonic |cleaner |
- |instrument |washer
- |washer-disinfector
2 |important |characteristics |about |manual |cleaning? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |soak |until |ready |to |clean |
- |wear |heavy-duty |utility |gloves, |mask, |eyewear, |and |protective |clothing
What |do |chemical |sterilization |indicators |do? |- |correct |answer |✔change |in |color |when |physical |parameter |is |reached
What |do |biological |(spore |tests) |sterilization |indicators |do? |- |correct |answer
|✔use |biological |spores |to |assess |the |sterilization |process |directly
What |are |four |important |things |to |remember |about |storage |of |sterile |and |clean
|items |and |supplies? |- |correct|answer |✔1. |use|date- |or |event-related |shelf-life |practices
- |examine |wrapped |items |carefully |prior |to |use |
- |when |packaging |of |sterile |items |is |damaged, |re-clean, |re-wrap, |and |re- sterilize |
- |store |clean |items |in |dry, |closed, |or |covered |containment
3 |characteristics |about |environmental |surfaces? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |may |become |contaminated |
- |not |directly |involved |in |infectious |disease |transmission |
- |do |not |require |as |stringent |decontamination |procedures
What |are |the |two |categories |of |environmental |surfaces? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |clinical |contact |surfaces |
- |housekeeping |surfaces
Describe |clinical |contact |surfaces. |- |correct |answer |✔high |potential |for |direct |contamination |from |spray |or |spatter |or |by |contact |with |dental |healthcare |professionals |gloved |hand
Describe |housekeeping |surfaces. |- |correct |answer |✔1. |do |not |come |into |contact |with |patients |or |devices |
- |limited |risk |of |disease |transmission
What |are |some |examples |of |clinical |contact |surfaces? |(5) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |patient |room |door |handle |
- |back |rest |of |patient |chair |
- |light |handles
- |counter |next |to |patient |chair |
- |tool |trays
What |are |some |examples |of |housekeeping |surfaces? |(3) |- |correct |answer |✔1. |wall?
- |sink |
- |floor
What |are |four |general |cleaning |recommendations? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |use |barrier |precautions |(ie |heavy-duty |utility |gloves, |masks, |protective |eyewear) |when |cleaning |and |disinfecting |environmental |surfaces |
- |physical |removal |of |microorganisms |by |cleaning |is |as |important |as |the |disinfection |process |
- |follow |manufacturer's |instructions |for |proper |use |of |EPA-registered |hospital |disinfectants |
- |Do |not |use |sterilant/high-level |disinfectants |on |environmental |surfaces.
- |processes |for |regulated |waste |include |autoclaving |and |incineration
Microbial |biofilms |form |in |_____. |Biofilms |serve |as |a |______. |Primary |source |of
|microorganisms |is |____. |- |correct |answer |✔small |bore |tubing |of |dental |units; |microbial |reservoir; |municipal |water |supply
3 |characteristics |important |with |regard |to |dental |unit |water |quality/dental
|water |quality? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |using |water |of |uncertain |quality |is |inconsistent |with |infection |control |principles |
- |untreated |dental |units |cannot |reliably |produce |water |that |meets |drinking |water |standards |
- |four |routine |dental |treatment, |meet |regulatory |standards |for |drinking |water
What |are |five |available |DUWL |technologies? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |independent |reservoirs |
- |chemical |treatment |
- |filtration |
- |combinations |
- |sterile |water |delivery |systems
What |are | 3 |water |monitoring |options? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |water |testing |laboratory |
- |in-office |testing |with |self-contained |kits |
- |follow |recommendations |provided |by |the |manufacturer |of |the |dental |unit |or |waterline |treatment |product |for |monitoring |water |quality
What |are |two |sterile |irrigating |solutions? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |use|sterile |saline |or |sterile |water |as |a |coolant/irrigator |when |performing |surgical |procedures |
- |use |devices |designed |for |the |delivery |of |sterile |irrigating |fluids
12 |special |considerations |with |regard |to |water |quality? |:( |- |correct |answer |✔1. |dental |handpieces |and |other |devices|attached |to |air |and |waterlines |
- |dental |radiology |
- |aseptic |technique |for |parenteral |medications |
- |single-use |(disposable) |devices
- |preprocedural |mouth |rinses |
- |oral |surical |procedures |
- |handling |biopsy |specimens
- |handling |extracted |teeth |
- |laser/electrosurgery |plumes |or |surgical |smoke |
- |dental |laboratory |
- |mycobacterium |tuberculosis |
- |Creutzfeldt-Jacob |Disease |(CJD) |and |other |prion-related |diseases
How |should |you |clean |dental |handpieces |and |other |devices |attached |to |air |and
|waterlines? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |clean |and |heat |sterilize |intraoral |devices |that |can |be |removed |from |air |and |waterlines |
- |follow |manufacturer's |instructions |for |cleaning, |lubrication, |and |sterilization |
- |do |not |use |liquid |germicides |or |ethylene |oxide
- |Do |not |combine |leftover |contents |of |single |dose |vials |for |later |use.
Single-Use |(disposable) |devices |are |intended |for |____. |They |are |usually |not
|____ |and |cannot |be |_____. |What |are |some |examples? |- |correct |answer |✔use |on |one |patient |during |a |single |procedure; |not |heat |tolerant; |cannot |be |realiably |cleaned. |
examples: |syringe |needles, |prophylaxis |cups, |and |plastic |orthodontic |brackets
What |do |antimicrobial |mouth |rinses |prior |to |a |dental |procedure |do? |- |correct
|answer |✔1. |reduce |number |of |microorganisms |in |aerosols/spatter |
- |decrease |number |of |microorganisms |introduced |into |bloodstream
What |is |the |unresolved |issue |with |preprocedural |mouth |rinses? |- |correct |answer |✔no |evidence |that |infections |are |prevented
Oral |surgical |procedures |involve |the |_____ |and |present |a |risk |for |____. |What
|are |some |examples? |- |correct |answer |✔incision, |excision, |or |reflection |of |tissue |that |exposes |normally |sterile |areas |of |the |oral |cavity; |microorganisms |to |enter |the |body. |
Examples: |biopsy, |periodontal |surgery, |implant |surgery, |apical |surgery, |and |surgical |extractions |of |teeth
What |are |three |precautions |for |surgical |procedures? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |surgical |scrub |
- |sterile |irrigating |solutions |
- |sterile |surgeon's |gloves
What |should |be |done |when |handling |biopsy |specimens? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |place |biopsy |in |sturdy, |leakproof |container |
- |avoid |contaminating |the |outside |of |the |container |
- |label |with |a |biohazard |symbol
True |or |False: |Extracted |Teeth |can |be |given |back |to |the |patient. |- |correct
|answer |✔True
Extracted |teeth |are |considered |a |_____. |- |correct |answer |✔REGULATED |medical |waste
When |should |you |not |incinerate |extracted |teeth? |- |correct |answer |✔when |they |contain |amalgam
What |should |be |done |before |sending |extracted |teeth |to |the |lab |for |shade
|comparison? |- |correct |answer |✔They |should |be |cleaned |and |disinfected
What |are |four |things|that |should |be |done |when |handling |extracted |teeth |in
|educational |settings? |- |correct |answer |✔1. |remove |visible |blood |and |debris |
- |maintain |hydration |
- |autoclave |(teeth |with |no |amalgam) |
- |use |STANDARD |precautions
