Download Understanding Infectious Agents: Pathogens, Transmission, and Immunity and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
pathogen
an organism that causes diseasetypes:-bacterial-viral- eukaryotic TERM 2
bacteria
DEFINITION 2 single celled prokaryotes; diverse group; 3 basic shapesvast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial; only a few are pathogenic that secrete toxins TERM 3
reproduction of bacteria
DEFINITION 3 -binary fission: 1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 8-rapid TERM 4
pathogenic bacteria
DEFINITION 4 mycobacterium tuberculosisstrepococcus psneumoniaefoodborne (e. coli, salmonella spp) TERM 5
viruses
DEFINITION 5 consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein sheath or coat; no cell structure
reproduction of viruses
cannot reproduce by themselveshijack the host cell's transcription and translation systems TERM 7
pathogenic viruses
DEFINITION 7 hepatitis viruses (A,B,C,D,E)influenza viruses TERM 8
hepatitis viruses (A,B,C,D,E)
DEFINITION 8 several diseases of the liver, collectively known as hepatitis, are caused by DNA or RNA viruses TERM 9
influenza viruses
DEFINITION 9 commonly referred to as the flu, an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses TERM 10
eukaryotic pathogens
DEFINITION 10 some fungi and parasites (eg worms) can infect humans- malaria
mucous membrane
mucous traps pathogensthey can be sneezed/coughed away TERM 17
second line of defense
DEFINITION 17 macrophages, inflammation, fever TERM 18
macrophages
DEFINITION 18 certain types of white blood cells made in bone marrowthey engulf and digest invasive organisms (phagocytosis)digest old red blood cells and cellular debrisrelease chemicals to stimulate production of more white blood cells TERM 19
inflammation
DEFINITION 19 a reaction producing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain- macrophages release histamise to increase size of blood vessels-more blood arrives to speed cleanup and repair- swelling occurs, causing pain by pressing against nearby nerves TERM 20
fever
DEFINITION 20 temperature above range of 97-99 degrees F-macrophages release chemicals called pyrogens, which cause temperature to increase-increased temperature inhibits bacterial growth- increasesmetabolism of healthy cells
third line of defense
lymphocytes TERM 22
lymphocytes
DEFINITION 22 a type of white blood cells produced in bone marrow; recognize specific antigens(antigens can be pathogens, pathogen-infected host cells, and other non-harmful particles)travel throughout the body and lymphatic system TERM 23
major organs in the lymphatic system
DEFINITION 23 tonsils and adenoid: type of lymph nodethymus: where some lymphatic cells go to maturebone marrow: produces some lymphatic cellsspleen: stores and purifies blood; contains high concentration of lymphocyteslymph nodes: store cells and filter our bacteria and other unwanted substances to purify the lymphatic fluid; become swollen and painful when infection occurslymphatic vessels: transport fluid from tissues to lymph nodes TERM 24
types of lymphocytes
DEFINITION 24 named depending on where they matureB lymphocytes mature in the bone marrowT lymphocytes mature in the thymus TERM 25
B lymphocytes and antibody-mediated
immunity
DEFINITION 25 recognize antigen and produce its antibody to get rid of it-do not directly kill host cells bearing the antigen-make cloned copies of sel, providing long-term immunity
aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) kills or disables helper T cells to cause immune deficiency-opportunistic infections occur when the immune system is weakened-transmitted through contact with bodily fluids (semen, blood, vaginal fluids, and occasionally breast milk)
