Infectious & Inflammatory Heart Disorders: Myocarditis, Endocarditis, Pericarditis, Study notes of Nursing

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Infective/

Inflammatory Cardiac

Disorders

Infection

Invasive procedures

General viral/bacterial infection

Myocarditis

Focal or diffuse inflammation of cardiac muscle

Acute or chronic

All ages

May be asymptomatic

Recovery is usually spontaneous without

residual effects

Occasional CHF

Rare cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis Etiology

Viral infections

Bacterial infections

Hypersensitive Immune reactions

Radiation therapy

Chemical poisons

Parasitic infections

Helminthic infections

Myocarditis Assessment

History of recent URI

Faint heart sounds

Pericardial friction rub

Pulsus alterans

Elevated enzymes

EKG changes

Myocarditis Management

Treat infection

Bedrest

Cardiac monitoring

Cardiac Meds PRN

Digoxin Antiarrythmics Anticoagulants

TED hose

Passive ROM

Endocarditis Risk Factors

Valvular heart disease

Rheumatic heart disease

Mitral valve prolapse

Prosthetic valve surgery

Elderly

IV drug users

Hospital acquired (central lines)

Immunosupression

Heart surgery

CHD

Endocarditis Manifestations

Insidious onset

Malaise, night sweats

Anorexia, weight loss

Back and joint pain

Fever

Splinter hemorrhages

petechiae

Pediatric Endocarditis Manifestations

Insidious or abrupt

Fever

Fatigue

Joint and muscle aches

HA

GI discomfort

Chest pain

Dyspnea

Weight loss

Splenomegaly

Hepatomegaly

Arrhythmias

murmurs

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium

Acute and chronic

Prognosis depends on the underlying cause

Pericarditis Etiology

Bacterial, fungal, viral

Malignant Neoplasms

Radiation

Uremia, amyloidosis

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmune disease

Post cardiac surgery

Idiopathic factors

Pericardial Effusion

Too much fluid in the pericardial sac

30 cc is normal

Symptoms

Dyspnea Orthopnea Elevated HR Fullness of chest Distant heart sounds

If too much fluid accumulates, cardiac

tamponade can occur

Cardiac Tamponade

Compression of the heart

Usually caused by trauma