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Categories of Defense: Nonspecific
BarriersChemicalsCells TERM 2
Categories of Defense: Specific
DEFINITION 2 Antibodies (humoral response)T cells (cell-mediated response) TERM 3
Nonspecific defense
DEFINITION 3 skin, mucus Flushing with fluids Inflammatory response NK cells (class I MHC -loss of triggers) Complement, interferon TERM 4
Mouth Tears Urinary Tissue fluids
DEFINITION 4 Nonspecific defense, Flushing with fluids TERM 5
Skin
DEFINITION 5 provides mechanical barrier to microbial invasion due to thick, closely packed cells which are frequently shed and are acidic and salty by nature
Keratin
isproduced by keratinocytes, which are insoluble proteins shed continuously TERM 7
Specific immune response
DEFINITION 7 defends against particular foreign agent by an immune response via the production of antibodies that bind to specific antigens TERM 8
Lysozyme
DEFINITION 8 found in mucous, tears, saliva and damage bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of NAG and NAM bonds in peptidoglycan. Used in the nonspecific, chemical immune response TERM 9
Peroxidase enzymes
DEFINITION 9 an enzyme that catalyzes the production of superoxide radicals TERM 10
Lactoferrin, transferrin
DEFINITION 10 an iron-binding protein that is released by activated phagocytic cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
The Complement System
is a rapid and powerful response with 31 circulating proteins in a sequential cascade. Three major protective outcomes and activation in three ways TERM 17
Complement; 31
DEFINITION 17 The __________ system includes a rapid and powerful response with __ circulating proteins in a sequential cascade. TERM 18
Three major protective outcomes of the
Complement system
DEFINITION 18 Inflammation Lysis of cell membranes Opsonization TERM 19
1. Inflammation 2. Lysis of cell membranes 3.
Opsonization
DEFINITION 19 Three major protective outcomes of the Complement system TERM 20
Opsonization
DEFINITION 20 a process where the microorganism is coated by serum components, preparing them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells
Complement proteins
function as opsonins and act as a connector between microorganisms and the phagocyte TERM 22
Three types of complement system
activation
DEFINITION 22 Classical Alternate (properdin) MBL (mannan binding lectin) TERM 23
Classical Complement pathway
DEFINITION 23 is initiated by the interaction of antibodies with an antigen TERM 24
Classical
DEFINITION 24 The _________ Complement pathway is initiated by the interaction of antibodies with an antigen TERM 25
Alternate Complement pathway
DEFINITION 25 activation is triggered in response to bacterial molecules with repetitive structures, like the LPS from Gram- negative bacteria. the LPS activatescomplement (C) protein 3 (C3), causing it to cleave into fragments C3a and C3b
Monokines
are a subset of cytokines that are released from mononuclear phagocytes, monocytes and macrophages TERM 32
Monokines
DEFINITION 32 _________ are a subset of cytokines that are released from mononuclear phagocytes, monocytes and macrophages TERM 33
Lymphokines
DEFINITION 33 are a subset of cytokines that arereleased from T lymphocytes TERM 34
Interleukins
DEFINITION 34 are a group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). are released from one leukocyte to act on another leukocyte Colony-stimulating factors TERM 35
Colony-Stimulating factors
DEFINITION 35 stimulate growth and differentiation of immature leukocytes in the bone marrow
Chemokines
cytokines that stimulate chemotaxis and chemokinesis (directing cell movement) TERM 37
TNF
DEFINITION 37 refer to a group of cytokines that can cause cell death (apoptosis). TERM 38
Interferons
DEFINITION 38 regulatory cytokines produced by certain eukaryotic cells in response to viral infection 3 Major classes triggered by DS RNA Signal adjacent cells Viral RNA is degraded TERM 39
Interferons
DEFINITION 39 _________ are regulatory cytokines that are produced by eukaryotic cells in response to viral infection TERM 40
DS RNA
DEFINITION 40 __ ___ is a trigger for interferon production
Mucous Membranes
coats respiratory surfaces Goblet cells Mucociliary escalator Peristalsis TERM 47
Mucous Membranes:
Peristalsis
DEFINITION 47 around, contraction to purge intestinal microorgansms TERM 48
Cells:White Blood cells
DEFINITION 48 leukocytes that are responsible for both innate defenses and adaptive immunity. arise from the pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow and migrate toother body sites to mature and function 7,400 cells/mm^3; 100% WBC TERM 49
Cells:White Blood cells
DEFINITION 49 _____ _____ are cells thatare leukocytes thatare responsible for both innate defense sand adaptive immunity. TERM 50
Cells:White Blood cells
DEFINITION 50 _____ _____arise from the pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow and migrate toother body sites to mature and function
Cells:White Blood cells
7,400 cells/mm^3; 100% TERM 52
Tissues: Lymphatic tissue
DEFINITION 52 are found throughout the body as highly organized or loosely associated cellular complexes that efficiently organize leukocytes to increase interaction between they innate and the adaptive arms of the immune response TERM 53
interface of IR & AR return tissue fluids Screen
lymph Absorb fats
DEFINITION 53 Lymphatic system functions TERM 54
Components of Lymphatic System: Primary
DEFINITION 54 Bone marrow Thymus TERM 55
Bone marrow
Thymus
DEFINITION 55 Components of Lymphatic System: Primary
Components of Lymphatic System:
Secondary, Lymph Nodes
filter lymph and trap microorganisms and antigens contains macrophages and dendritic cells that present antigens to T cells that release cytokines that stimulate differentiation and proliferation of B cells TERM 62
Dendritic Cells
DEFINITION 62 are apart of the specific/nonspecific response antigen presenting cells that presents antigens to T cells mostly tissue bound, but can be migratory TERM 63
Dendritic cells
DEFINITION 63 antigen presenting cells that presents antigens to T cells TERM 64
B lymphocytes
DEFINITION 64 (B cells) mature in bone marrow and disperse throughout the lymphoid tissue. when activated they differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies TERM 65
B lymphocytes
DEFINITION 65 when activated _ ___________ differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies
Lymphocytes
the major cells of the specific immune system. When activated they can differentiate to stimulate the immune response, produce antibodies, or produce memory cells TERM 67
T Lymphocytes
DEFINITION 67 (T cells) mature in the thymus gland and circulate in blood or lymphoid tissue. when activated, do not produce antibodies, but stimulate the immune response by producing cytokine proteins TERM 68
T Lymphocytes
DEFINITION 68 _ ___________ when activated, do not produce antibodies, but stimulate the immune response by producing cytokine proteins
