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excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum begain (destroyed AD79) TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Stuart and Revett, Antiquities of Athens- differentiates between Greek and Roman architecture TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Winckelmann, history of Ancient Art- differentiates betwwen Greek and Roman sculpture TERM 4
Johann Joachim Winckelmann(1717-
murdered 6/8/1768)
DEFINITION 4
- 1755 thoughts on the imitation of Greek works in painting and sculpture- "noble simplicity and quiet grandeur." - Report on the most recent discoveries at Herculaneum - History of Ancient Art - Notes on the history of Ancient Art TERM 5
Jacques Louis David (1748-1825)
DEFINITION 5
- Champion of revolutionary cause - austere, stern painting - use of Roman busts as models - art as political manifesto- hero of the middle class struggle
David Heroic
Paintings
- portrayal of revolutionary values and themes - spirit of self- sacrifice - severity of style TERM 7
Oath of the Horatii
DEFINITION 7
- Father and three sons - Daughter, sister weeping - Fiance in revolt to overthrow republic -Sons accepting swords to defend rome -Public duty vs. private duty ( Macrocosm vs. Microcosm) - Loyalty to state over family loyalty TERM 8
The Lictors Bringing Back to Brutus the bodies
of his sons
DEFINITION 8 -Themes in this painting similar to Horatii -Roman patrician Brutus has given orders against his sons-Rebellion -Again family distressed, even Brutus himself -But Duty to state above Family loyalty -"DO or DIE" TERM 9
Madame
Reclaimer
DEFINITION 9 Portraiture -Scene here patterned after sparsity of furnishings in Roman Villas as at Pompell -Rather stark ; yet clarity and order= elegant -Fits Davids no Frills values -Intelligent, Attractive, Fascinating women of " Salon era" - No similarity to Rubens idea of beauty TERM 10
Paris- The New Rome
DEFINITION 10 Influence of Ancient Rome on France: 1. Republican government 2. Tolerant paganism 3. New calendar- year one/months - Latin Characteristics: Thermidor = July
Interior of the Church of La Madeline-
Demachy
Can see domes and oculus (eye, light) - Classical features repeated on inside TERM 17
Arc De Triomphe Du
Carrousel
DEFINITION 17 Built to celebrate Napoleons victories - Patterened after Roman Arch for Semtimius Severus -Bronze horses from St. Marks, Venice, 1st century returned -Not big enough : commissioned Arc de Triomphe de L'etoile by Chalgrion TERM 18
Vendome Column
DEFINITION 18 -monument to nepoleons victories -patterned after Trajans column - Spiral Iconography - Victory over Prussians and Austrians in bronze - weapons, cannons TERM 19
Rotunda
DEFINITION 19 Jefferson as architect patterned after Pantheon in Rome - circular building - Facade of a Greco- Roman temple -Podium, pediment, cornices , frieze - Saucer dome - Was president of University of Virgina TERM 20
Treasury Building
DEFINITION 20 Shows strong classical influence - Many public buildings in Washington and state capitals modeled on Greeks and Romans -No iconography on pediment -ionic order - Architecture as symbol of Power, prestige, values
Apotheosis of Homer
Homer was first Western Poet -Illiad and Odyssey -Deification, Nike/Angel with Laural wreath -All great Artists in attendance
- On steps of a classical temple -Note people on steps with sword and oar - Represent two classic epic poems of Homer TERM 22
Cornelia pointing to her children as her
treasures
DEFINITION 22 Kauffman Roman family,Gracchus, patrician, wealthy and political humility and social activisms values - Tiberius and Gaius - Elected Consul - Redistribute State lands to small farmers -Wealthy inflamed, murder Tiberius and followers - Later Gaius forced to commit suicide TERM 23
The Death of General Wolfe- West
DEFINITION 23 West : History painter for English King General Wolfe, English Redcoat - Fought against France in Seven years war - Killed at battle of Quebec - Gives England Domination of North America - French and Catholic threat gone -Colonists will turn on British, and win independence - Theme : Self- sacrifice for the greater good TERM 24
Sculpture
DEFINITION 24 -Antonio Canova (1757-1822) -Greek and Roman models - Advocated: "scrupulous adherence to rules" - copied art instead of nature TERM 25
Pauline Borghese As Venus Victorious- Canova
DEFINITION 25 Pauline Bonaparte, Napoleons Sister -posed for sculptor - Stripped to waist - Reclining like madame Reclaimer, But frontal - furnishing, couch, position similar - Portraying venus and the Goddess of Love - Reminds of Funerary sculpture (Gravestones)
Neoclassic Opera
-Gasparo Spontini (1774-1851) -1807 La Vestale ( the Vestal Virgin) - 1 of 6 virgin priestesses who watched over sacred fire in temple of Vestra ( Hephaestus) - Spirit of the new empire : Pump, pagenantry -Roman setting> glory on the battlefield - 100+ performances in the 1st season in Paris TERM 32
Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)
DEFINITION 32 -The Heroic Ideal : excelled at symphonies -Only one opera : Fidelio, quest for individual liberty/ cause of popular freedom -Promethean Ideal =FIRE: Symbol of enlightenment glorification of individuality, personal rights/personal creativity - 1801 The Creatures of Prometheus ~ full length ballet TERM 33
1804 Eroica, or Heroic- The Third Symphony
DEFINITION 33
- Originally dedicated to Napoleon - After Napoleon accepted title of emperor, Beethoven erased dedication from title page
- " To the memory of a great man" TERM 34
Romanticism: July 1830 Revolution- Feb 1848
DEFINITION 34 -1814 Fall of Napoleon : Constitutional monarchy : louis XVII -1824- 30 Charles X (brother) no adherence to constitutional restraints - July 1830 Revolution -1830-48 Louis Philippe( cousin) escapism from industrialized/mechanized world -Feburary 1848 Revolution: Louis-Napoleon( Nephew of Napoleon) elected president if 2nd republic -1852 Louis- Napoleon elected emperor ( resigned ad Napoleon III) - 1871 Napoleon III abdicated after defeat in France- Prussian War: 3rd republic TERM 35
Escapism from Industrialized/Mechanized
world
DEFINITION 35 Lord Bryon 1. emotions 2.Individualism 3.Nationalism 4. Revivals of the past 5. Back to nature 6. Exoticism
Artist by Creative Genius
-Ingres: "Genius when it is at work is in communion with god." -Artist as: Prophet, leader with great personality -Age of: autobiography,confessions, memoirs -portraiture TERM 37
Fusion of the Arts
DEFINITION 37
- Literature filled with musical references 2. Music based on literary works: Hector Berlioz: -Goethe's Faust-Damnation of Faust Poetry of Byron - Harold in Italy Dantes Divine Comedy- Requiem 3. Painting used literary themes -Eugene Delacroix - illustrated Goethe's Faust - 1822 Dante and Vergil in hell painting (divine comedy source) - poems of Lord Byron for painting : Death of Sandapulus, Mazeppa, shipwreck of Don Juan 4.Architecture built dream castles out of novels of: -Horace Walpole, Victor Hugo, Sir Walter Scott -Gothic Novels (influenced Neogothic architecture) -James Wyatt- fonthill abbey for william Beckford -Horace Walpole- Strawberry Hill TERM 38
The Gothic Novel
DEFINITION 38 -Horace Walpole, The Castle Of Otranto, 1765 -Clara Reeve, The Old English Boron, 1777 -Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk, 1796 -In USA : Charles Brockden Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Henry James, William Faulkner TERM 39
Characteristics of Gothic Novels
DEFINITION 39
- Samual Coleridge (1772-1834) success of Gothic novel depends on readers " willing suspension of disbelief" 1. TIME- Set in Medieval times (gothic) 2. PLACE- Italian scenery. mysterious castles 3. RAW SENSATIONALISM- horrors of ghost tales folklore, necromancy 4. Damsel in distress/ knight in shining armor 5. Gory deaths and details/ blood 6. Supernatural occurrances 7.SUBLIME- uniting terror and beauty - Edmund Burke- 1756 Essay on the sublimje and beautiful TERM 40
Criticism of gothic novels
DEFINITION 40
- fanciful plots 2. unreal characters 3. morbid sentiments 4. romanticized view of feudal ages
Slavers overthrowing the Dead and Dying,
typhoon coming on
-political painting (rare for turner) -based on true incident reported in Newspapers in 1783 -heaving dead and dying overboard to collect insurance money, if die on land, no money -red blood colors, shackled humanity struggling against waves of nature and predatory fish TERM 47
Casper David Friedrich (1774-1840) German
DEFINITION 47 -believed God revealed himself in nature -Moses seeing God in the Burning Bush-Awesome, sublime -brooding melancholy similar to Franz Schuberts music TERM 48
Wanderer Above The Mist
DEFINITION 48 -German Romaticism-man amidst the awesome expanse of nature -man alone in God's world- God reveals himself in nature -indication of individualism and freedom -melancholy: A certain sadness or aloneness in world TERM 49
Thomas Cole (1801-48) American
DEFINITION 49 -Hudson River Party -The Last Of The Mohican's (1827) - inspired by Coopers novel -American landscape/ American novel -Gothic 7 the sublime of nature TERM 50
The Last of The Mohicans
DEFINITION 50 Cole in the new world- rugged and untamed wilderness - European countryside settled and untamed- But no U.S. - Nature was his bible- through Nature he understood and communicated with God -Shows Romantic interest in "awesome" power of nature
Nationalism in Music
-Hector Berlioz (1803-69) -French- -The orchestral conductor , composer, brilliant journalists, autobiographer - Symphonie fantastique- autobiographical program symphony -included detailed program notes about symphony and his inspiration -idee fixe (fixed idea)- leading recurring melody TERM 52
Berlioz Concluding Massed choirs
DEFINITION 52 Composer- highly rated, attended salons in paris some thought him mad- others felt he was trying to shock - mop hair like umbrella - fantastic symphony- autobiographical, 5 acts -original element is " fixed idea" of idee fixe- melodic theme that reappears as his beloved appears TERM 53
Franz Schubert ( 1797-1828)
German
DEFINITION 53 -Die Winterreise (Winters journal) - sang cycle of Wilhelm Mueller poetry -mood of dark brooding, melancholy, loneliness TERM 54
Richard Wagner (1813-83) German
DEFINITION 54 -constantly used medieval sources -German mythology for operas : Tannhuser ;Tristan and Isolde. 1883- nazis writings -Gesamtkunstwerk-includes symphony, mythology,poetry, drama( closer to symphony than italian opera) -leitmotif- characterization/people/ideas TERM 55
Frederic Chopin(1810-49) Polish
DEFINITION 55 -Master of the Piano -national character of waltzes and polonaise ( march like promenade for couples)
