Interpersonal Relationship Theory, Slides of Nursing

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Interpersonal

Relations Theory

Hildegard E. Peplau’s

A Middle-Range Nursing Theory Analysis SAIMA, SHAHIDA, SIMON,ZESHAN,SUNEEL Dated 09 - 06 - 2016

Hildegard Peplau  Psychiatric Nurse of the Century  Born: September 1, 1909, Reading, Pennsylvania, United States.  Education:  William Alanson White Institute(1954)  Pottstown Hospital, School of Nursing(1931)  Columbia University  Bennington College  Worked tirelessly to advance nursing education and practice in 1930's.  Neuropsychiatric hospital in London,UK.  Member of the Army Nurse Corps  Worked at Bellevue and Chestnut Lodge Psychiatric Facilities  Died: March 17, 1999, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, United States (Nursing Inquiry 2014- 21 - 4)  Psychiatric Nurse of the Century  Born: September 1, 1909, Reading, Pennsylvania, United States.  Education:  William Alanson White Institute(1954)  Pottstown Hospital, School of Nursing(1931)  Columbia University  Bennington College  Worked tirelessly to advance nursing education and practice in 1930's.  Neuropsychiatric hospital in London,UK.  Member of the Army Nurse Corps  Worked at Bellevue and Chestnut Lodge Psychiatric Facilities  Died: March 17, 1999, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, United States (Nursing Inquiry 2014- 21 - 4)

 Person A man who is an organism that lives in an unstable balance of a given system.  Health Symbolizes movement of the personality and other ongoing human processes that directs the person towards creative, constructive, productive and community living.  Nursing Significant, therapeutic interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with human processes that present health as a possible goal for individuals.  Health Symbolizes movement of the personality and other ongoing human processes that directs the person towards creative, constructive, productive and community living.  Environment Forces outside the organism and in the context of the socially-approved way of living, from which vital human social processes are derived such as norms, customs and beliefs.  Nursing Significant, therapeutic interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with human processes that present health as a possible goal for individuals.

Interpersonal Relations Theory Interpersonal Relations Theory

Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationship A.Orientation Phase Get acquainted phase of the nurse-patient relationship. Preconceptions are worked through Parameters are established and metEarly levels of trust are developed Roles begin to be understood  B.Identification Phase The client begins to identify problems to be worked on within relationship The goal of the nurse: help the patient to recognize his/her own interdependent/participation role and promote responsibility for self A.Orientation Phase Get acquainted phase of the nurse-patient relationship. Preconceptions are worked through Parameters are established and metEarly levels of trust are developed Roles begin to be understood  B.Identification Phase The client begins to identify problems to be worked on within relationship The goal of the nurse: help the patient to recognize his/her own interdependent/participation role and promote responsibility for self

C.Exploitation Phase

Client’s trust of nurse reached full

potential

Client making full use of nursing services

Solving immediate problems

Identifying and orienting self to

[discharge] goals

 D.Resolution Phase

Client met needs

Mutual termination of relationship

Sense of security is formed

Patient is less reliant on nurse

Increased self-reliance to deal with own

problems

C.Exploitation Phase

Client’s trust of nurse reached full

potential

Client making full use of nursing services

Solving immediate problems

Identifying and orienting self to

[discharge] goals

 D.Resolution Phase

Client met needs

Mutual termination of relationship

Sense of security is formed

Patient is less reliant on nurse

Increased self-reliance to deal with own

problems

Interpersonal Therapeutic Process This type of process is based on the theory proposed by Peplau and particularly useful in helping psychiatric patients become receptive for therapy. Often referred as " Psychological Mothering," it includes the following steps:

• The patient is accepted unconditionally as a participant in a relationship that satisfies his needs;
• There is recognition of and response to the patient's readiness for growth, as his initiative; and
• Power in the relationships shifts to the patient, as the patient is able to delay gratification and to invest in goal achievement. This type of process is based on the theory proposed by Peplau and particularly useful in helping psychiatric patients become receptive for therapy. Often referred as " Psychological Mothering," it includes the following steps:
• The patient is accepted unconditionally as a participant in a relationship that satisfies his needs;
• There is recognition of and response to the patient's readiness for growth, as his initiative; and
• Power in the relationships shifts to the patient, as the patient is able to delay gratification and to invest in goal achievement.

NURSING

ROLES

• Counseling role  Helps client understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances; provides guidance and encouragement to make changes.
• Surrogate role  Helps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence and acts on clients behalf as advocate.
• Active leadership role  Helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way.
• Technical expert role  Provides physical care by displaying clinical skills; Operates equipment
• Counseling role  Helps client understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances; provides guidance and encouragement to make changes.
• Surrogate role  Helps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence and acts on clients behalf as advocate.
• Active leadership role  Helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way.
• Technical expert role  Provides physical care by displaying clinical skills; Operates equipment

1. Technical expert
2. Consultant
3. Health teacher
4. Tutor
5. Socializing agent
   6. Safety agent
6. Manager of environment
7. Mediator
8. Administrator
9. Recorder observer
10. Researcher Additional Roles:
11. Technical expert
12. Consultant
13. Health teacher
14. Tutor
15. Socializing agent
16. Safety agent
17. Manager of environment
18. Mediator
19. Administrator
20. Recorder observer
21. Researcher

visual MODEL OF MAJOR CONCEPTS

Peplau’s work and characteristics of a theory Interrelation of concepts

• Four phases interrelate the different components of each phase. Applicability
• The nurse patient interaction can apply to the concepts of human being, health, environment and nursing. Theories must be logical in nature -
• This theory provides a logical systematic way of viewing nursing situations
• Key concepts such as anxiety, tension, goals, and frustration are indicated with explicit relationships among them and progressive phases Peplau’s work and characteristics of a theory Interrelation of concepts
• Four phases interrelate the different components of each phase. Applicability
• The nurse patient interaction can apply to the concepts of human being, health, environment and nursing. Theories must be logical in nature -
• This theory provides a logical systematic way of viewing nursing situations
• Key concepts such as anxiety, tension, goals, and frustration are indicated with explicit relationships among them and progressive phases

Limitations

• Personal space considerations and community social service resources are considered less.
• Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized
• Cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need eg. With drawn patients, unconscious patients
• Some areas are not specific enough to generate hypothesis Limitations
• Personal space considerations and community social service resources are considered less.
• Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized
• Cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need eg. With drawn patients, unconscious patients
• Some areas are not specific enough to generate hypothesis

• Nurse and patient can interact.
• Both the patient and nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction.
• Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental nursing tools.
• Nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s growth and to avoid limiting client’s choices to those that nurses value. Assumptions:
• Nurse and patient can interact.
• Both the patient and nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction.
• Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental nursing tools.
• Nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s growth and to avoid limiting client’s choices to those that nurses value.