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Download Anatomy Terms: Planes, Positions, Skin, Burns, Skeleton, Muscles, Imaging and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
median plane
vertical plane intersecting midline (R & L)
TERM 2
Sagittal Plane
DEFINITION 2
vertical plane parallel to median plane (R & L)
TERM 3
Frontal (coronal) plane
DEFINITION 3
vertical plane perpendicular to median plane (anterior &
posterior)
TERM 4
Transverse Plane
DEFINITION 4
Horizontal planes through body (superior and inferior)
TERM 5
erect
DEFINITION 5
standing
supine
on one's back facing up
TERM 7
prone
DEFINITION 7
on one's stomach face down
TERM 8
superficial
DEFINITION 8
closer to surface
TERM 9
deep
DEFINITION 9
further from surface
TERM 10
medial
DEFINITION 10
towards median plane
proximal
nearer to the point of origin
TERM 17
distal
DEFINITION 17
farther from the point of origin
TERM 18
unilateral
DEFINITION 18
occurring only on one side (ex. heart)
TERM 19
bilateral
DEFINITION 19
paired R & L structures (ex. eyes)
TERM 20
ipsilateral
DEFINITION 20
on the same side of the body (ex. liver & gallbladder)
contralateral
on opposite sides of body (ex. spleen & gallbladder)
TERM 22
flexion
DEFINITION 22
bending/decreasing angle between body parts
TERM 23
extension
DEFINITION 23
straightening/increasing angle between body parts
TERM 24
dorsiflexion
DEFINITION 24
bringing toes up towards the knees
TERM 25
plantarflexion
DEFINITION 25
brining the toes down and the heel up
supination
lateral rotation of the forearm & hand so that the palm faces
anteriorly
TERM 32
skin
DEFINITION 32
largest & most superficial organ used for protection,
containment, sensation, thermoregulation, and vitamin D
production
TERM 33
epidermis
DEFINITION 33
outer thin, avascular layer of skin
TERM 34
dermis
DEFINITION 34
thicker, vascular layer, formed by dense network of collagen
bundles
TERM 35
arrector pili
muscles
DEFINITION 35
cause goosebumps
tension (cleavage) lines
correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the
dermis & epidermis. incisions/lacerations parallel to these
lines general gape less widely & tend to heal with less scar
formation because of minimal disruption of collagen fibers
TERM 37
subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)
DEFINITION 37
loose connective tissue & fat located between dermis &
underlying deep fascia; contains deepest parts of sweat
glands, blood & lymphatic vessels, and cutaneous nerves
TERM 38
skin ligaments
DEFINITION 38
extend through the subcutaneous tissue, anchoring the
overlying dermis to underlying deep fascia
TERM 39
deep fascia
DEFINITION 39
dense, organized connective tissue layer, devoid of fat, that
envelops most of the body to the skin & subcutaneous tissue
TERM 40
investing fascia
DEFINITION 40
extensions of deep fascia surrounding individual muscles
axial skeleton
bones of head, neck, and trunk
TERM 47
appendicular skeleton
DEFINITION 47
bones of the limbs (including the pectoral & pelvic girdles)
TERM 48
ligament
DEFINITION 48
fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone and cartilage to
other bones; serves to hold structures together to keep them
stable
TERM 49
tendon
DEFINITION 49
tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to
bone/structures; serves to move a bone/structure (such as
eyeball)
TERM 50
aponeurosis
DEFINITION 50
flat broad tendon layer; shiny, white/silvery color; very
sparingly supplied with blood vessels/nerves; primary
function: join muscles and the body parts the muscles act
upon (whether bone or muscle)
periosteum
surrounds bone and is richly supplied with sensory nerves
that carry pain fibers, especially sensitive to tension &
tearing (thus acute pain when a bone fractures)
TERM 52
skeletal muscle
DEFINITION 52
moves bones & other structures; voluntary control & has
striated appearance histologically
TERM 53
smooth muscle
DEFINITION 53
forms part of the walls of most vessels and hollow organs,
moves substances through viscera, & controls movement
through blood vessels. Involuntary control & has smooth
appearance histologically
TERM 54
cardiac muscle
DEFINITION 54
forms most of the walls of the heart and adjacent parts of the
great vessels. striated appearance histologically and is under
involuntary control.
TERM 55
origin (proximal
attachment)
DEFINITION 55
fixed point of attached muscle
concentric contraction
type of isotonic contraction that movement is due to muscle
shortening (ex. deltoid shortens to raise arm in abduction)
TERM 62
eccentric contraction
DEFINITION 62
type of isotonic contraction; contracting muscle lengthens
(ex. deltoid lengthens to lower arm in adduction)
TERM 63
arteries
DEFINITION 63
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; have thicker
walls, no valves, and branch at more obtuse angles than
veins
TERM 64
veins
DEFINITION 64
carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart; have thinner
walls, contain valves, and are more easily torn than arteries
TERM 65
vascular sheath
DEFINITION 65
how arteries & veins usually run together with a single artery
flanked by a pair of veins (vena comitantes) often joined by
nerve to comprise a neuromuscular bundle.
lymphatic system
consists of series of lymphatic vessels connected to lymph
nodes whose function is drain excess fluid (lymph) from
tissues
TERM 67
lymph
DEFINITION 67
extracellular fluid collected from body tissues and containing
leaked plasma proteins from capillaries (ex. lymphocytes)
that is returned to the blood via the lymphatic system;
removes cellular debris and infection
TERM 68
lymphatic vessels
DEFINITION 68
thin-walled channels that transport lymph to lymph nodes
and eventually drain into the venous system via the right
lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
TERM 69
lymph nodes
DEFINITION 69
small masses of lymphatic tissue through which lymph is
filtered on its way to the venous system (along the course of
lymphatic vessels)
TERM 70
conventional radiography
DEFINITION 70
uses X-rays to show tissues of differing densities within body
ultrasonography
allows visualization of superficial or deep structures by
recording pulses of ultrasonic waves reflecting off tissues.
noninvasive and does not use radiation.
