Download Intro To Biology Exam Questions With Answer Key and more Exams Introduction to biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Exam 5 Question Bank
A. METABOLISM & ENZYMES
- Enzymes are: A. lipids. B. proteins C. carbohydrates. D. nucleic acids. E. steroids. 2. The reactants in biological chemical reactions are called: A. catalysts B. products C. enzymes D. substrates E. inhibitors 3. The location of substrate binding in an enzyme is called the A. active site B. inhibitor C. catalyst D. substrates E. reactant 4. Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme? A. water B. product C. substrate D. any other enzyme E. none of the above 5. An enzyme can only bind one reactant at a time. A. True B. False 6. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once. A. True B. False 7. Why do enzymes stop working when the solution gets too hot? A. The enzyme loses its structure, gets denatured and no longer works B. The substrate and the enzyme do not move around as quickly and reduce the number of interactions between the two C. The enzyme keeps its structure but just no longer works at high temperatures D. The substrate no longer is able to bind the enzyme 8. Why do enzymes stop working when the solution gets too cold? A. The enzyme loses its structure, gets denatured and no longer works B. The substrate and the enzyme do not move around as quickly and reduce the number of interactions between the two C. The enzyme keeps its structure but just no longer works at high temperatures D. The substrate no longer is able to bind the enzyme 9. Place the steps in the correct order. During an enzymatic assisted reaction: ____. Reaction – The enzyme forces the reaction to convert the substrate to the enzyme ____. Binding – the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme
____. Repeat – The enzyme is now ready to repeat the cycle of creating additional products from substrates ____. Release – The enzyme releases the newly formed product
10. Enzymes: A. Speed up Reactions B. Add energy to a system C. Give off energy D. None of the above 11. Rate of enzyme activity can be affected by: A. pH B. temperature C. Enzyme concentration D. Substrate concentration E. all of the above 12. Label the parts, a through d, on this enzymatic reaction. 4 points. Options are: Enzyme Active Site Product Substrate Answer: A is substrate ; B is Active Site ; C is Enzyme ; D is product 13. In the diagram for question above, is this a catabolic or anabolic reaction? Answer: Catabolic 14. Which type of metabolic reactions, anabolic or catabolic, require energy? Answer: Anabolic 15. Place a check mark next to the things that are expected to INCREASE the rate of an enzymatic reaction. a. _______ Add more enzyme b. _______ Add more substrate c. _______ Adjust pH to optimal level d. _______ Add inhibitor e. _______ Freezing the reaction 16. Which reaction would you predict to have a faster turn-over rate?
18. Which drink did not inhibit the enzyme cholesterase? A. Black Tea B. Green Tea C. Coffee For the next 4 questions. When conducting a lab, your lab partner forgot to label the x-axis of graphs from several experiments where you varied some condition and then monitored enzyme activity. Use these graphs to answer the following questions. 19. Which graph most likely corresponds to the experiment where temperature was varied? A. 1 st^ Graph B. 2 nd^ Graph C. 3 rd^ Graph D. Neither 20. Which graph most likely corresponds to the experiment where substrate concentration was varied? A. 1 st^ Graph B. 2 nd^ Graph C. 3 rd^ Graph D. Neither 21. Which graph most likely corresponds to the experiment where inhibitor was added in increasing amounts? A. 1 st^ Graph B. 2 nd^ Graph C. 3 rd^ Graph D. Neither 22. Which graph most likely corresponds to the experiment when the number of products formed over time was monitored? A. 1 st^ Graph B. 2 nd^ Graph C. 3 rd^ Graph D. Neither For the next three questions: Three different enzymes were tested for their turnover rate as the pH was varied from 1 to 14 and the results were graphed below. Use these graphs to answer the following questions. 23. Which of these enzymes is most likely to function in stomach that normally has a pH of 2? A. 1 st^ enzyme B. 2 nd^ enzyme
C. 3 rd^ enzyme
24. Which of these enzymes is most likely to function in the blood stream that normally has a pH of 7? A. 1 st^ enzyme B. 2 nd^ enzyme C. 3 rd^ enzyme 25. Which of these enzymes is most likely to function in the lymph nodes of cows, which normally has a pH of 11? A. 1 st^ enzyme B. 2 nd^ enzyme C. 3 rd^ enzyme
B. ENERGY
26. Why do we "run out of energy" at the end of a race? A. All the energy we had in our body is destroyed B. All the energy we had stored in ATP has been converted to kinetic (motion) energy 27. Cellular respiration takes place primarily in organelles called mitochondria. Some textbooks claim that "Mitochondria make the energy needed for biological processes." Explain what is wrong with this sentence and give a more accurate sentence. Mitochondria do not make energy. They convert energy stored in food molecules, such as glucose, into stored energy in molecules such as ATP so the cell can use that same energy for later. 28. Our muscle cells have 3 pools of energy. Match the energy pool with its correct description of where that energy comes from. i. burst Phase ii. Intermediate Phase iii. Sustained Phase A. Energy created by anaerobic respiration B. Energy created by aerobic respiration C. Freely and readily available ATP 29. The main reaction our cells use to process the energy from glucose is: A. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY B. CO 2 + O 2 → C 6 H 12 O 6 + H 2 O + ENERGY C. ENERGY + C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O D. CO 2 + H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + ENERGY 30. List the steps that we use to get energy from food in the correct order. _____ Remove the stored energy from glucose _____ Convert our consumed food into glucose _____ convert that newly available energy into ATP 31. The conversion of glucose into CO 2 + H 2 O ______ and is run ______ to capture that energy in our cells. A. releases a little energy ; in many steps B. releases a lot of energy ; in one step C. releases a lot of energy ; in many steps D. releases a little energy ; in one step 32. Which statement about energy is incorrect? A. When our bodies use energy, we can create energy (Correctly chosen answer, in that statement is wrong) B. Energy can be transferred into different forms C. All energy transfers are imperfect, meaning that some of that energy is lost as wasted heat
C. Glycolysis D. Cellular Respiration
41. Why do we need to inhale and exhale all day and all night? A. Cellular respiration requires oxygen B. Cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases CO 2 C. Cellular respiration releases CO 2 42. You eat a grape high in glucose content. How could a glucose molecule from the grape provide energy to a cell in your little finger? A. The glucose is digested into simpler molecules having more energy. B. The atoms in the glucose react to become ATP. C. The glucose is converted into energy. D. The energy of the glucose is transferred to other molecules. E. The energy of the glucose is transferred to CO 2 and H 2 O. 43. A runner breathes harder taking in oxygen as she sprints to the finish. What is the role of oxygen in the runner’s cells? A. The oxygen is converted to ATP. B. The oxygen is required for aerobic respiration. C. The oxygen is required for glycolysis. D. The oxygen is necessary for ATP formation. E. The oxygen is required for anaerobic respiration. 44. The following diagram to the right represents the process of cellular respiration in a cell. Fill in the following boxes with the provided terms.
- Fill in the following table: Step in Cellular Respiration Where in the cell the step occurs Glycolysis Fermentation Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain 46. Fill in the following table: Step in Cellular Respiration Does the step require oxygen? Is it referred to as aerobic or anaerobic? Glycolysis Fermentation Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain 47. Aerobic respiration is an efficient process that captures approximately 35% of the energy in glucose. From 1 molecule of glucose, it yields:
A. 3 to 4 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism B. 34 to 38 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism C. exactly 40 ATP, in every tissue and organism. D. 10 to 12 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism E. exactly 35 ATP, in every tissue and organism
**48. Use the following terms to correctly place the terms in the blank areas in the chart to the left.
- Which cellular respiration stage produces the most ATP?** A. Glycolysis B. Fermentation C. Kreb’s Cycle D. Electron Transport Chain 50. Match the reaction to the molecules produced. I. Glycolysis II. Kreb’s Cycle III. Electron Transport Chain IV. Fermentation A. 2 ATP + 2 CO 2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH 2 B. 34 ATP C. Lactic Acid + 2 ATP D. 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH 51. Our cells can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Which is our preferred method to obtain energy? Aerobic respiration or Anaerobic Respiration (Aerobic Respiration)
E. PROCESSES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
52. Glycolysis: A. is not performed in plants, which get their energy solely through photosynthesis. B. is also referred to as the Krebs cycle. C. completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide. D. is performed solely on the glucose ingested by the organism. E. occurs in all cells.
A. a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. the production of ATP C. the conversion of NADH to NAD+ D. the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
61. An inherited disease results from abnormal mitochondria passed from parent to child. Using your knowledge of the function of mitochondria, which of the following is the most likely description of the symptoms of this disease? A. extreme sensitivity to UV light, resulting in skin cancer at a very young age B. fragile bones and arthritis C. color blindness D. inability to absorb iron, resulting in extreme anemia E. extreme muscle weakness 62. The generation of ATP by the movement of protons down their concentration gradient occurs in: A. mitochondria B. peroxisomes C. endoplasmic reticula D. nucleus E. cytoplasm 63. Anaerobic respiration is a process that captures approximately 5% of the energy in glucose. From 1 molecule of glucose, it yields: A. 3 to 4 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism B. 34 to 38 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism C. exactly 40 ATP, in every tissue and organism. D. 10 to 12 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism E. exactly 35 ATP, in every tissue and organism 64. Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of: A. low glucose levels. B. low oxygen concentrations C. low methane concentrations. D. high temperatures. E. high oxygen concentrations. 65. Which of the following statements about fermentation is NOT correct? A. Fermentation is a less efficient energy producer than aerobic respiration B. Fermentation utilizes the electrons generated in the glycolytic breakdown of glucose C. Fermentation is an anaerobic process D. In fermentation, the molecules that are used as final electron acceptors differ from those used when glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen E. All of the above are correct 66. What are the advantages to using anaerobic respiration, like fermentation, over aerobic respiration? A. It produces energy more quickly B. It does not require oxygen so organisms that only utilize fermentation can survive in oxygen- free environments C. It produces more energy but more slowly D. Answers A & B are correct E. Answers B & C are correct 67. All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of: A. cellular respiration by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen B. cellular respiration occurring in the absence of sugar C. cellular respiration by bacteria occurring in the absence of oxygen D. cellular respiration by bacteria occurring in the absence of free electrons E. cellular respiration by yeast occurring in the absence of free electrons 68. What type of molecules provide NAD, FAD and acetyl-CoA to our bodies? A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates
C. Steroids D. Vitamins
69. Match the term to the definition. I. Cellular Respiration II. Acetyl-CoA III. ADP IV. Aerobic respiration V. Aerobic Respiration VI. Anaerobic Respiration VII. ATP VIII. Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation IX. CO X. Cytosol XI. Electron Transport Chain XII. Fermentation XIII. Glycolysis XIV. Krebs Cycle XV. Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain XVI. Lactic Acid XVII. Matrix XVIII. Mitochondria XIX. NADH XX. Phosphates XXI. Pyruvate A. Temporary energy storage system that is only used to create ATP B. When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration and cells make EITHER lactic acid or alcohol. C. Attached to pyruvate to start the Kreb's cycle D. Pyruvate is broken apart, carbon by carbon, releasing CO2 and producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP. E. Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration F. Does not use oxygen G. The product of fermentation that causes your muscles to feel sore H. Uses oxygen I. Processes occurring in the Mitochondria J. The inner space of the mitochondria where the Kreb's cycle occurs. K. Cell process where the energy in glucose is converted to ATP. L. This energy molecule is made in all three stages of cellular respiration and is our universal rechargeable battery. M. This gas is produced during the Kreb's cycle as the pyruvate is broken down. N. Where the energy is stored in ATP O. 3 carbon sugar produced when glucose is split during glycolysis P. C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy Q. First stage of anaerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvates molecules making 2 ATP. R. The uncharged form of ATP S. Final step of aerobic respiration that converts all the energy from NADH and FADH2 into ATP. T. Place where cells perform glycolysis U. Cellular respiration that uses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system.
- Sometimes alternate sugars instead of glucose are used to provide energy for the cells. The alternate sugar still holds energy but slightly different amounts of energy is released during the processing of this sugar as it goes through aerobic respiration. Please fill in the blanks (A through J) for the reaction below to indicate how the energy and
