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Class: PSCI - Public Policy ; Subject: Political Science; University: Tulane University of Louisiana; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Quizzes
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the natural environment TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 the impact of added chemicals, radiation, and biological products TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 result of human construction TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 Particles < 10 micrometers in diameter can be inhaled TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Particles < 2.5 micrometers in diameter can be inhaled and can only be seen with a microscope
An air quality index is a number used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. 0-50 is healthy201-300 is super unhealthy TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 indicates the inherent danger of an exposure TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 a formal process to measure the potential impact of known hazardsRisk assessment aims to take into account the inherent danger of the exposure AND its:RouteTimingQuantity If a substantial risk is found to exist, the process reviews options to minimize its burden on humans TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 Goes beyond a risk assessment by including data and recommendations for a specific site, community, or population Usually more detailed than risk assessments. Often controversial and can take years or decades to complete TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Ecological risk assessment examines the impacts of contaminants on ecological systems ranging from chemicals, to radiation, to genetically altered crops Examines not only human health effects of exposure, but also includes the impact of contamination or pollution on plants and animals and the ecosystems in which they exist
Community members are involved in all phases of the research process, contributing their expertise while sharing ownership and responsibility Assist in the building of trust, knowledge, and skills to facilitate the development and implementation of interventions TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 In COPC, healthcare efforts are expanded to take on additional public health roles. In COPH public health efforts are expanded to collaborate with healthcare institutions TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Assessment- obtaining data that defines the health of the populationPolicy development- developing evidence based recommendations to guide implementation Assurance- oversight responsibility for ensuring key components of an effective health system TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or DHHS) TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lead agency for prevention, health data, and epidemic investigation National Institutes of Health (NIH) lead research agency , funds research and training programs. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consumer protection agency for safety of food, drugs, vaccines, and other medical and public health interventions.
World Health Organization (WHO) focus on strengthening and coordination of health services, policy development, data collection & standardization United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) focus on maternal and child health in developing countries The World Bank another UN group that provides loans to developing countries for human capital projects. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 American Red Cross Collects monetary and blood donations Mobilizes volunteers, and publicizes the need for disaster assistanceDoctors without Borders & Physicians for Social ResponsibilityPhysician groups that advocate, seek funding, and address ethical implementation of programs TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 The FDA requires animal safety studies before a drug can be studied in humans However, animal models may fail to detect subsequent effects in humans Animal testing is administered to two different species at levels well above the equivalent dose expected to be used in humans Researchers look to detect cancer, fetal malformations, and effects on fertility Investigate toxic effects on drug sensitive organs Liver, kidneys, bone marrow TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 The initial administration of a drug to human beings Aims to establish the dosage range and route of administration to be used in subsequent studies Examines safety issues Focuses on the pharmacology of the drug: Absorption Metabolism ExcretionDuration of exposure to drugs may be short: Days to weeks Usually involves a small number of participants TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Designed to establish efficacy of a drug for a particular use Need to establish that, on average, the drug improves outcomes under research conditions Small, sometimes uncontrolled, trials designed to determine whether there is a suggestion of efficacy
1999-2004, an arthritis drug) just a few years after it became FDA-approved, it was recalled because it doubled the risk of heart attack and stroke (commonly referred to as the worst drug disaster in U.S. history) TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 DA drug approval implies: The drug may be advertised and marketed for the purpose for which it was studied and approved It may be prescribed by clinicians for any patient TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 looks at the impacts of multiple factors and how they work together as parts of a system TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 looks at one factor or variable at a time. TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 an interacting group of items forming a unified whole Changes if you take away or add pieces or change structure Arrangement is crucial
an attempt to bridge the gaps between basic research, clinical applications, and population health implications by seeing health research as a system. Identifies the pieces, determines how they should connect, and attempts to put them together as a coherent whole TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 analyzing the pieces of a system and understanding how they fit and work together. Often relies on diagrams or graphics that visually display the relationships between the parts. TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 factors or determinants that are thought to affect or influence the probability of occurrence or outcome of a disease. TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 points in a system in which interventions can have substantial impacts. TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 factors that limit the effectiveness of systems.
