BIO1040
1. Introduction & syllabus
2. All is one, all is change
3. Scientific Method
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BIO1040: Introduction to Scientific Method and Biology Concepts - Prof. Roman E. Boldyreff, Study notes of Biology
An introduction to the scientific method, assumptions, and processes used in biology. It covers topics such as the role of senses, personal existence, change, natural laws, and the importance of verifiable and repeatable experiments. Students will learn about hypotheses, experiment design, measurement, and statistical analysis.
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Pre 2010
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BIO
- Introduction & syllabus
- All is one, all is change
- Scientific Method
Syllabus
- http://instruct.tri-c.edu/rboldyr
- Calendar
- Evaluation
- Attendance & make-ups
All is change
- Change occurs and is certain
- Time- day & night, moon phases, yearly seasons, age & death
- Individuals may be fooled, but collectively truth can be known
- Events measured, recorded, analyzed through time
Science Assumptions
- Natural events can be traced to natural cause, not supernatural
- Natural laws do not change in time or space
- Conclusions subject to change or refinement
Scientific Method
- Collect information, new and old observations
- Formulate hypothesis, tentative explanation of what’s observed
- Test the hypothesis, experiment, collect data
- Formulate a conclusion, hypothesis supported or not
- Communicate conclusions, literature
Method
- Observation, Question
- Literature Search & Informal Investigation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Conclusion
- Communication
Hypothetical
- If P, then Q
- If photosynthesis occurs, then O 2 will be produced
- If crayfish is swimming, then it is alive
Converse
- If Q, then P
- If O 2 is produced, then photosynthesis occured
- If crayfish is alive, then it is swimming
Contrapositive
- If no Q, then no P
- If O 2 is not produced, then no photosynthesis occured
- If crayfish is not alive, then it is not swimming
Experiment
- Model of part of universe
- Inductive
- Parts
Controlled Experiment
- Experimental variable is the element being tested
- Dependent variable is the result or change observed
- Control is not subjected to experimental variable
Experimental Design
- All conditions of an experiment remain the same for all groups
- Control goes through all the steps of the experiment except for the one part being tested
- Sampling, timing, measurement, and analysis
Conclusion
- Did the data support the hypothesis?
- Hypothesis rejected or accepted
Communication
- Abstract
- Article
- Book