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Physics Review: MCQs and Essays on Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Waves, Study notes of Biology

A collection of multiple choice and essay questions covering various topics in physics, including thermodynamics, electricity, and waves. The multiple choice questions cover concepts such as specific heat capacity, heat transfer, and the properties of waves, while the essay questions require the student to distinguish between related concepts and explain physical phenomena.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/12/2011

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que
stion.
1) When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows 1) _______
A) from the ice to your finger.
B) from your finger to the ice.
C) actually both ways
2) The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a 2)
_______
A) low specific heat capacity. B) high specific heat capacity.
3) A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a 3) _______
A) low specific heat capacity. B) high specific heat capacity.
4) The lowest temperature possible in nature is 4) _______
A) -273eC. B) 0eC. C) 4 K.
5)
Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an incr
ease in 5) _______
A) pressure.
B) temperature.
C) thermal energy.
D) all of these
E) none of these
6) Consider a sample of water at 0eC. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of water 6)
_______
A) remains the same. B) contracts. C) expands.
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
7) Distinguish between the concepts of heat, temperature, and thermal energy.
8) Distinguish between the first and second laws of thermodynamics in terms of whether or not exceptions occur.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que
stion.
9) A substance can absorb heat energy by the process of 9) _______
A) convection. B) conduction. C) radiation. D) all of these
10) An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its temperature is 10) ______
A) higher than its surroundings.
B) lower than its surroundings.
C) neither of these
11) The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at 11) ______
A) much the same rates of speed. B) a great variety of speeds.
12) When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid 12) ______
A) releases energy.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows 1) _______ A) from the ice to your finger. B) from your finger to the ice. C) actually both ways

  2. The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a 2)


A) low specific heat capacity. B) high specific heat capacity.

  1. A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a 3) _______ A) low specific heat capacity. B) high specific heat capacity.

  2. The lowest temperature possible in nature is 4) _______ A) -273eC. B) 0 eC. C) 4 K.

Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an incr ease in 5) _______ A) pressure. B) temperature. C) thermal energy. D) all of these E) none of these

  1. Consider a sample of water at 0eC. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of water 6)

A) remains the same. B) contracts. C) expands.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Distinguish between the concepts of heat, temperature, and thermal energy.

  2. Distinguish between the first and second laws of thermodynamics in terms of whether or not exceptions occur.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. A substance can absorb heat energy by the process of 9) _______ A) convection. B) conduction. C) radiation. D) all of these

  2. An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its temperature is 10) ______ A) higher than its surroundings. B) lower than its surroundings. C) neither of these

  3. The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at 11) ______ A) much the same rates of speed. B) a great variety of speeds.

  4. When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid 12) ______ A) releases energy.

B) absorbs energy. C) neither releases nor absorbs energy.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Write a short paragraph distinguishing between conduction and convection. Give two examples of each.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. Which force binds atoms together to form molecules? 14) ______ A) nuclear B) electrical C) centripetal D) gravitational E) none of these

  2. A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electrical forces 15) ______ A) act over shorter distances. B) repel or attract. C) attract. D) obey the inverse-square law. E) are weaker.

  3. Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is 16) ______ A) a potential difference across its ends. B) more potential energy at one end of the wire than the other. C) an imbalance of charges in the wire.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. What are the similarities and differences between Coulomb's law and Newton's law of gravitation?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. The source of all magnetism is 18) ______ A) tiny pieces of iron. B) ferromagnetic materials. C) tiny domains of aligned atoms. D) moving electric charge. E) none of these

  2. Thrust a magnet into a coil of wire and the coil 19) ______ A) becomes an electromagnet. B) has a current in it. C) both of these D) neither of these

  3. The source of all wave motion is a 20) ______ A) region of variable high and low pressure. B) harmonic object. C) vibrating object. D) wave pattern. E) none of these

  4. A sound wave is a 21) ______

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. B

2) A

3) A

4) A

5) D

6) B

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Thermal energy, measured in calories or joules, is the energy something has by virtue of the molecular motion of its molecules. The more molecular kinetic energy, the more thermal energy. Temperature is this kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees (or kelvins). Heat is the thermal energy that transfers from one place to another by virtue of a temperature difference. Heat, like thermal energy, is measured in calories or joules.

  2. No exceptions occur for the first law, which is simply a restatement of the principle of conservation of energy. Exceptions do exist for the second law since it is a probabilistic statement. The second law states that systems "tend" toward disorder, which doesn't mean systems constantly or always move toward disorder.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. D

10) A

11) B

12) B

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Heat conduction occurs when a warmer electron, atom, or molecule bumps into a cooler electron, atom, or molecule, transferring kinetic energy. This particle, in turn, bumps into the next particle and in effect transfers kinetic energy even further, and so on. Convection occurs when the warmer atom or molecule actually travels to another place in space. Whereas conduction occurs primarily in solids, convection occurs in fluidsÑliquids or gases. When cold water is poured into hot soup, the water soon spreads by convection to all parts of the mixture. When a spoon is placed in the hot soup, the whole spoon becomes hot by conduction..

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. B

15) B

16) A

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Both laws are inverse-square laws and both are directly dependent on the quantities involved: electric charge for electrical force, and mass for gravitational force. The Coulomb force between a pair of electrons is many billions of times greater than the gravitational force between them. Whereas the gravitational force is only attractive, the Coulomb force can be attractive or repulsive, depending on whether like or unlike charges are involved.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. D

19) C

20) C

21) C

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Wave frequency and period are reciprocals of each other: T = 1/ f , and f = 1/ T. (a) 0.10 s, (b) 5 s, (c) 1/60 s.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the que stion.

  1. B

24) A

25) A

26) B

27) C

28) B

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Refraction is the bending of a wave (sound or light) as it passes from one medium into another. The bending occurs when the wave encounters a surface at an angle, for then one part of the wave travels at a different speed than another part.