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An introduction to basic concepts in chemistry, including states of matter, chemical changes, atomic theory, and chemical bonding. It also covers topics such as isotopes, half-life, oxidation-reduction reactions, and electromagnetic radiation. true/false questions and multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the material.
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A sample is found to be slightly compressible and has a definite volume, but indefinite shape. The sample is most likely a liquid An example of a chemcial change is burning gasoline Boyle's Law is an example of an indirect mathematical relationship between two variables (pressure and volume) Choose the state of water in which the water molecules are farthest apart on average. steam (vapor) Theories, such as Dalton's Atomic Theory or the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases have which of the following in common? both explain and predict observed phenomena While an object is falling to the ground, its potential energy due to location is decreasing. True When elements combine to form compounds, those compounds have the properties that are completely different from those of the elements from which they were made. True Charles' Law states that the volume of a given amount of gas will increase if the temperature of the gas is increased. True The element potassium (K) is a good conductor of electricity and is malleable. True All gases have fairly low densities. True When milk goes "sour", only a physical change has occured. False The particles in a solid do not move at all. False The main focus of applied research is to gain greater understanding of how the natural world operates. False According to the law of conservation of energy, an object stays at constant speed as it falls. False The isotope lead-208 contains
126 neutrons The mass number and identity for an atom composed of 17 protons, 20 neutrons and 17 electrons would be 37, chlorine How many valence electrons does an arsenic (As) atom have? 5 In shorthand notation, the electron configuration for a calcium atom would be: 2.8.8. The atomic mass listed next to each element on the periodic table is the: average atomic mass based on the relative natural abundance of the isotopes of the element How many protons are there in an atom of uranium-238? 92 An alpha particle is identical to a helium-4 nucleus During beta decay a neutron turns into a proton Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days. How much of a 10 gram sample remains after 16 days? 2.5 grams During alpha emission, the mass number of the radioactive isotope decreases by 4 When a radioactive nucleus transforms spontaneously to a new, different nucleus and emits radiation, the process is called transmutation An ionic bond is usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal In a molecule of the diatomic element nitrogen (N2), what type of bond exists between the two nitrogen atoms? a triple covalent bond In a double bond, two atoms share a total of ______ electrons. 4 Dalton was absolutely correct in his statement that all atoms of the same element are identical. False Nuclei are held together by electrical forces. False
What exactly is a hydrogen bond? a strong dipole-dipole interaction involving a hydrogem atom from one molecule and a very electronegative element from another molecule When water at 4 degrees Celcius is heated it expands. When water at 4 degrees Celcius is cooled it expands When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid absorbs energy The desert sand is very hot in the day and very cool at night. What does this tell you about the specific heat capacity of the sand? Its specific heat capacity is small The term "balanced" as applied to chemical equations means: the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation A catalyst will decrease the activation energy for a reaction What is the mass of a single lithium (Li) atom in amu's?
What is the mass of 1 mole of lithium (Li) atoms? 6.9 g For the balanced reaction: 3 H2 + N2 ----> 2 NH3, how many moles of ammonia (NH3) will be produced from 4.0 moles of nitrogen (N2)? 8 moles 5.0 grams of iron (Fe) would have a larger increase in temperature with the addition of 1000 joules of energy than 5.0 grams of gold (Au). You may want to refer to the table of specific heat capacities in chapter 8 of your text to answer this question. False If a molecule contains 2 or more polar bonds, than the entire molecule is never nonpolar. False Soap and grime are attracted to each other by induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. True If a molecule contains only 1 polar bond, than the entire molecule is polar. True Reduction can be defined as the gain of electrons In an electrochemical battery (galvanic cell) the anode is where oxidation takes place
Under what conditions does an oxidizing agent donate electrons? when a reducing agent is present When two half-reactions are added together in an oxidation-reduction reaction, there should be no electrons shown in the overall equation. The chemical reaction that takes place during electrolysis is forced to take place by the addition of energy A carbon atom has been oxidized when it gains oxygen atoms How many carbons are in butane? 4 A bromine atom has how many valence electrons? 7 For nonpolar molecules, the most significant type of intermolecular forces are induced dipole-induced dipole Isotopes are atoms that have same number of protons, different number of neutrons When a radioactive nucleus undergoes beta decay, the number of protons increases by one The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus What would happen to the mass of an iron bar when it rusts? (assume the rust does not fall off the iron bar) the mass would increase because it is gaining oxygen atoms When a sodium atom becomes a stable ion, its charge is
Electromagnetic radiation (light) that has a very small wavelength would have a high frequency Was the fat isolated from potato chips in lab soluble in water? no Alkenes are a type of hydrocarbon derivative. False An oxiding agent is oxidized during a chemical reaction. False A measurement of 43.22 mL has more uncertainty than a measurement of 43.2 mL. False