Introduction to Computer Engineering: CS/ECE 252, Fall 2014, Lecture notes of Computer Architecture and Organization

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Introduction to Computer

Engineering

CS/ECE 252, Fall 2014 Prof. Guri Sohi Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin – Madison

Computers Everywhere

• Cell phone

• Laptop

• Tablet

• Servers for Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,

etc.

• All Computers

• Software/Hardware separation key

Phenomenal Growth

• 8MB Disk Pack

• 6’ Disk

• IPod (160GB)

• (160GB/8MB = 20,000x)

• Computer useful & then 20,000x better!

$16 base; 60% growth

Year Salary Comments

0 $16 Base

3 $64 Still live at home

15 $16K Buy car

24 $100K Buy house

36 $300M Need fundamentally new

ways to spend money

This Course

This course will:

• Help you understand the significance and pervasiveness of computers in today’s society and economy
• Teach you how computers really operate and how they are designed
• Introduce you to concepts that students in the Computer Engineering degree program learn in depth over four years
• Prepare and motivate you for study in this degree program
• Will count towards GCR introduction to engineering requirement

Go Over Web Page

http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~sohi/cs252/Fall2014/

Instructor & TAs

Textbook

Lecture Notes

Schedule

Computing and Simulator

Grading

Exams

Homework

Advice

• Textbook – read BEFORE corresponding lecture

• Homework –

• Will reinforce in-class coverage
• Will help you prepare for midterm exams
• Will grade selectively (not all questions)

Sample Homework Stats

Technology

• Technology advances at astounding rate
  • 19 th^ century: attempts to build mechanical computers
  • Early 20th^ century: mechanical counting systems (cash registers, etc.)
  • Mid 20th^ century: vacuum tubes as switches
  • Since: transistors, integrated circuits
• 1965: Moore’s law [Gordon Moore]
  • Predicted doubling of capacity every 18 months
  • Has held and will continue to hold
• Drives functionality, performance, cost
  • Exponential improvement for 40 years

Applications

• Corollary to Moore’s Law:

Cost halves every two years

In a decade you can buy a computer for less than its sales tax today. – Jim Gray

• Computers cost-effective for
  • National security – weapons design
  • Enterprise computing – banking
  • Departmental computing – computer-aided design
  • Personal computer – spreadsheets, email, web
  • Pervasive computing – prescription drug labels
• Countless industries revolutionized

Abstraction and Complexity

• Abstraction helps us

manage complexity

• Complex interfaces
  • Specify what to do
  • Hide details of how

 Goal: Use abstractions yet

still understand details

Electronic circuits ECE

Digital Design CS/ECE

Computer Architecture CS/ECE

Machine Language (ISA) CS/ECE

Compiler CS

Application Program CS Operating System

CS

Scope of this course

Computer As a Tool

• Many computers today are embedded
  • Fixed functionality
  • Appliance-like
  • Not really programmable by end user
• Not the focus of this course!
  • Instead, programmable computers
  • Learn to think of computer as a tool
• Program?
  • Algorithm or set of steps that computer follows
  • Human brains wired to work this way