Introduction to Computers: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners - Prof. sirohi, Lecture notes of Computer Science

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Programming for Problem Solving

UNIT-

Introduction to Computers

What is Computer?

What is Data?

• (^) Data is unprocessed facts and figures without any added interpretation or analysis.
• (^) For e.g. “The price of crude oil is $80 per barrel”.

What is Information?

• (^) Information is data that has been interpreted so that it has meaning for the user.
• (^) For e.g. “The price of crude oil has risen from $70 to $80 per barrel”.

Applications of Computers

• (^) Word Processing
• (^) Internet
• (^) Digital Audio/Video Compression
• (^) Desktop Publishing
• (^) Traffic Control
• (^) Retail Business
• (^) Hospitals
  • (^) Business and Industry
  • (^) Weather Forecasting
  • (^) Education
  • (^) Online Banking
  • (^) Robotics
  • (^) Expert Systems

System

• (^) A system is a group of integrated parts,

which have the common purpose of

achieving some objective(s).

• (^) Computer is made up of integrated

components(input, output, storage, and

CPU) which work together to perform

the steps called for in the program being

executed, Therefore, it is a system.

Basic operations of computer

1. Inputting

2. Storing

3. Processing

4. Outputting

5. Controlling

Block Diagram of Digital Computers

Functional Component of Computer

• (^) Input Devices
• (^) Output Devices
• (^) Memory units
• (^) CPU
  • (^) ALU
  • (^) Control Unit
• (^) BUS
  • (^) Data Bus
  • (^) Address Bus

Input Devices

• (^) Keyboard
• (^) Mouse
• (^) Scanner
• (^) Touch Screen
• (^) Joystick
• (^) Bar Code Reader
• (^) OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)
• (^) MICR(Magnetic ink character recognition)

Keyboard

Mouse

• (^) It is an electro-mechanical, hand-held device.
• (^) It is used as a pointer.
• (^) It can perform functions like selecting menu commands, moving icons, and resizing windows, starting programs, and choosing options.

Optical/Magnetic Scanner

• (^) Scanners and optical readers can capture data from a source document, which is the original form of the data.
• (^) Is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form a computer can use
• (^) One of the more popular scanners is a flatbed scanner, which works similarly to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy.
• (^) Many scanners include OCR software, which converts a scanned image into a text file that can be edited. An optical reader uses a light source to read characters, marks and codes and converts them into digital data that a computer can process.
• (^) Three types of optical readers are optical character recognition, optical mark recognition, and bar code scanner.

Touch Screen

• (^) On touching the screen it detects the presence and location of touch within the display area
• (^) Used at bank ATM and public information centers etc.