Introduction to Law
1. What is Law?
Law is a system of rules created and enforced by governmental or social institutions to regulate
behavior. It serves as a guideline for what is considered acceptable in society. Law reflects the
values and principles of a community, and changes over time to adapt to new circumstances.
2. Main Branches of Law
- Criminal Law: Deals with crimes and punishments. It protects society by penalizing wrongful
conduct.
- Civil Law: Covers disputes between individuals or organizations. It includes contract law, property
law, and tort law.
- Constitutional Law: Focuses on the structure and functions of government and the rights of
individuals.
- Administrative Law: Regulates the actions of government agencies and ensures lawful
governance.
- International Law: Governs relations between countries through treaties, agreements, and
customs.
3. Sources of Law
- Constitutions: Fundamental principles that define government powers and individual rights.
- Statutes: Laws enacted by legislative bodies at various levels.
- Case Law: Judicial decisions that interpret and apply statutes and legal principles.
- Administrative Regulations: Rules created by executive agencies to carry out statutory mandates.
Together, these sources create a comprehensive legal framework.
4. Legal Systems in the World
- Common Law: Based on judicial decisions and precedent. Developed in England and used in
countries like the USA and India.
- Civil Law: Based on comprehensive written codes. Originated in Roman law and is common in
continental Europe.
- Religious Law: Based on religious doctrines. Examples include Islamic Sharia law and Jewish
Halakha.
