Introduction to Mastering The World of Psychology | PSY 1010, Study notes of Psychology

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PSY 1010

Chapter 1

Introduction to

Psychology

PSY 1010

Chapter 1

Introduction to

Psychology

Lecture

Donya L. James Waugh, MA

ChapterChapter 11 OverviewOverview

 (^) An introduction to Mastering the World of Psychology  (^) Exploring psychology’s roots

 (^) Schools of thought in psychology

 (^) Descriptive research methods

 (^) The experimental method

 (^) Ethics in psychological research

 (^) Thinking about theories and research  (^) Psychologists at work

 (^) An introduction to Mastering the

World of Psychology

 (^) Exploring psychology’s roots

 (^) Schools of thought in psychology

 (^) Descriptive research methods

 (^) The experimental method

 (^) Ethics in psychological research

 (^) Thinking about theories and

research

 (^) Psychologists at work

What are the goals of

psychology?

What are the goals of

psychology?

 (^) Description  (^) Identifying and classifying behaviors and mental processes  (^) Explanation  (^) Proposing reasons for behaviors and mental processes  (^) Prediction  (^) Offering hypotheses about how a condition or set of conditions will affect behavior and mental processes  (^) Influence  (^) Using research results to solve practical problems

 (^) Description

 (^) Identifying and classifying behaviors and mental processes

 (^) Explanation

 (^) Proposing reasons for behaviors and mental processes

 (^) Prediction

 (^) Offering hypotheses about how a condition or set of conditions will affect behavior and mental processes

 (^) Influence

 (^) Using research results to solve practical problems

What are the goals of

psychology?

What are the goals of

psychology?

 (^) Two types of research are done to

accomplish psychologists’ four goals  (^) Basic research  (^) Research that seeks new knowledge to advance general scientific understanding  (^) Applied research  (^) Research conducted to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life

 (^) Two types of research are done to

accomplish psychologists’ four goals  (^) Basic research  (^) Research that seeks new knowledge to advance general scientific understanding  (^) Applied research  (^) Research conducted to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life

What did Wundt and

Titchener contribute to

psychology?

What did Wundt and

Titchener contribute to

psychology?

 (^) Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)  (^) The “father” of psychology  (^) Used _introspection_* to analyze basic elements of conscious mental experience *Introspection is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking/reasoning/examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.

• (^) Introspection is like the activity described by Plato when he asked, "...why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are?"

 (^) Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)  (^) The “father” of psychology  (^) Used _introspection_* to analyze basic elements of conscious mental experience *Introspection is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking/reasoning/examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.

• (^) Introspection is like the activity described by Plato when he asked, "...why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are?"

 (^) Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-

 (^) Wundt’s student  (^) Established a psychological laboratory in the USA

 (^) Structuralism  (^) Wundt and Titchener’s school of thought  (^) Structuralism was criticized because of its methods  (^) But structuralists established psychology as a science

 (^) Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-

 (^) Wundt’s student  (^) Established a psychological laboratory in the USA

 (^) Structuralism

 (^) Wundt and Titchener’s school of thought  (^) Structuralism was criticized because of its methods  (^) But structuralists established psychology as a science

Who were some of the individuals who overcame discrimination to make important contributions to the field of psychology?

Who were some of the individuals

who overcame discrimination to make

important contributions to the field of psychology?  (^) Christine Ladd-Franklin  (^) Completed PhD in the mid 1880’s at John Hopkins  (^) but did not receive her degree until 1926  (^) Formulated a well-regarded theory of color vision  (^) Mary Whiton Calkins  (^) Completed the requirements for a doctorate at Harvard  (^) but Harvard refused to grant the degree to a woman  (^) Established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley College  (^) Developed the paired associates test

 (^) Christine Ladd-Franklin  (^) Completed PhD in the mid 1880’s at John Hopkins  (^) but did not receive her degree until 1926  (^) Formulated a well-regarded theory of color vision  (^) Mary Whiton Calkins  (^) Completed the requirements for a doctorate at Harvard  (^) but Harvard refused to grant the degree to a woman  (^) Established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley College  (^) Developed the paired associates test

Who were some of the individuals who overcame discrimination to make important contributions to the field of psychology?

Who were some of the individuals who overcame discrimination to make important contributions to the field of psychology?  (^) Margaret Floy Washburn  (^) Received PhD from Cornell University  (^) Wrote influential books including The Animal Mind (1908) and Movement and Mental Imagery (1916)

 (^) Francis Cecil Sumner  (^) First African American to earn a PhD in psychology, in 1920  (^) Chaired psychology department at Howard University

 (^) Margaret Floy Washburn

 (^) Received PhD from Cornell University  (^) Wrote influential books including The Animal Mind (1908) and Movement and Mental Imagery (1916)

 (^) Francis Cecil Sumner

 (^) First African American to earn a PhD in psychology, in 1920  (^) Chaired psychology department at Howard University

Who were some of the individuals who overcame discrimination to make important contributions to the field of psychology?

Who were some of the individuals who overcame discrimination to make important contributions to the field of psychology?  (^) Jorge Sanchez  (^) An Hispanic American psychologist  (^) Studied bias in intelligence testing during the 1930s  (^) Pointed out that cultural and language differences work against Hispanic students when they take IQ tests

 (^) Jorge Sanchez

 (^) An Hispanic American psychologist  (^) Studied bias in intelligence testing during the 1930s  (^) Pointed out that cultural and language differences work against Hispanic students when they take IQ tests

Schools of Thought in

Psychology

Schools of Thought in

Psychology

 (^) The major schools of thought in

psychology today include  (^) Behaviorism  (^) Psychoanalytic psychology  (^) Humanistic psychology  (^) Cognitive psychology  (^) Evolutionary psychology  (^) Biological psychology  (^) The sociocultural approach

 (^) The major schools of thought in

psychology today include  (^) Behaviorism  (^) Psychoanalytic psychology  (^) Humanistic psychology  (^) Cognitive psychology  (^) Evolutionary psychology  (^) Biological psychology  (^) The sociocultural approach

What do psychoanalytic

psychologists believe about

the role of the unconscious?

What do psychoanalytic

psychologists believe about

the role of the unconscious?

 (^) Sigmund Freud’s theory of

personality and his therapy for psychological disorders is called Psychoanalysis

 (^) According to this theory, an

individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are determined primarily by the unconscious

 (^) Sigmund Freud’s theory of

personality and his therapy for psychological disorders is called Psychoanalysis

 (^) According to this theory, an

individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are determined primarily by the unconscious

According to Maslow and

Rogers, what motivates

behavior and mental processes?

According to Maslow and

Rogers, what motivates

behavior and mental processes?  (^) Humanistic psychology  (^) Focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health  (^) Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation  (^) The need for self-actualization is the highest need in the hierarchy of needs  (^) Carl Rogers developed client-centered therapy  (^) An approach in which the client directs a discussion on his or her own view of the problem

 (^) Humanistic psychology

 (^) Focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice, growth, and psychological health

 (^) Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation

 (^) The need for self-actualization is the highest need in the hierarchy of needs

 (^) Carl Rogers developed client-centered

therapy  (^) An approach in which the client directs a discussion on his or her own view of the problem

What is the main idea

behind evolutionary

psychology?

What is the main idea

behind evolutionary

psychology?

 (^) Evolutionary psychology

focuses on how human

behaviors necessary for

survival have adapted in the

face of environmental

pressures over the course of

evolution

 (^) Evolutionary psychology

focuses on how human

behaviors necessary for

survival have adapted in the

face of environmental

pressures over the course of

evolution

How do biological

psychologists explain

individual differences in

behavior and mental processes?

How do biological

psychologists explain

individual differences in

behavior and mental processes?  (^) Biological psychologists look

for connections between

specific behaviors (such as

aggression) and specific

biological factors (such as

hormones) to help explain

individual differences

 (^) Biological psychologists look

for connections between

specific behaviors (such as

aggression) and specific

biological factors (such as

hormones) to help explain

individual differences