Introduction to
NEOPLASIA
(Part 1)
Rex Bentley, M.D.
Department of Pathology
DUMC
Today: Vocab
Later: Epidemiology and Molecular
Biology of Cancer followed by
immunology and treatment of
cancers
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Understanding Neoplasms: Benign vs. Malignant, Lecture notes of Pathology
An introduction to neoplasms, discussing the definitions of benign and malignant neoplasms, their distinguishing features, and the impact of grade on prognosis. It covers the histologic features that help differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms, including borders, growth rate, and anaplasia.
What you will learn
- How can histologic features be used to distinguish benign from malignant neoplasms?
- How does the grade of a neoplasm impact prognosis?
- What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
- What is the definition of a neoplasm?
- What is anaplasia and how does it impact the diagnosis of a neoplasm?
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
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Introduction to
NEOPLASIA
(Part 1)
Rex Bentley, M.D.
Department of Pathology
DUMC
NEOPLASIA
Today’s Goals and Objectives
Define neoplasm
Define benign and malignant
Differentiate benign from malignant neoplasmsbased on histologic appearance
Explain how neoplasms are named and inferproperties of a neoplasm from its name
Explain what grade is, and how it impactsprognosis
NEOPLASM
Definition
“A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue which exceedsand is uncoordinated with that ofthe normal tissues, and persistsin the same excessive mannerafter the cessation of the stimuliwhich evoked the change.”
Sir Rupert Willis, 1952
Two Fundamental
Features of Neoplasms 1.
Unregulated growth
2.
Clonal genetic defects
Subject of later lecture
Neoplasia III (Dr. Yan)
- What Do “Benign” and
“Malignant” Mean?
Malignant Neoplasm
“CANCER”
Metastasis = Malignant.
Metastasis: spread to distant, non-contiguous site
Lymphatic metastases (nodes)
Hematogenous metastases (lung, liver,bone, brain)
Implantation in body cavities
Fatal if untreated
Hematogenous Metastases^ Breast cancermetastases in liver
Courtesy PEIR
digital library
Hematogenous Metastases^ Breast cancer metastases in vertebra
Courtesy PEIR
digital library
Benign Neoplasms
Do not metastasize
In general, do not result indeath of the patient
Location, location, location!
Secretory products can belethal (e.g. endocrine tumors)
From a practical standpoint,
benign neoplasms often can
be cured by simple surgical
excision while malignant
neoplasms often cannot be
cured by surgery alone
Benign vs. Malignant
Benign
Malignant
Distant
Metastases?
No
Yes
Definition correct but clinically not
helpful…do you want to wait for your patient to develop metastatic disease before you start treatment for cancer?
Cham
Museum,
Danang, Viet Nam
Histologic Features Distinguishing
Benign vs. Malignant
a)
Borders
b)
Growthrate
c)
Anaplasia
Is this cancer or not?
Courtesy PEIR
digital library
Benign Neoplasms
Encapsulated (pushing borders)
Do not invade locally
Slow growth
Mild anaplasia (well differentiated)