Introduction to Nursing (Nursing Prerequisite) - Final Assessment Review - OSU 2025, Exams of Nursing

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Nursing Prerequisite – Introduction to

Nursing

3 Credits

Final Assessment Review

(Questions & Solutions)

1. Question: A fundamental tenet of nursing professionalism is adherence to a code that outlines ethical behavior and patient care standards. Which organization’s Code of Ethics is most commonly referenced in U.S. nursing practice?

• A) American Medical Association (AMA)
• B) American Nurses Association (ANA)
• C) Joint Commission
• D) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Correct ANS: B) American Nurses Association (ANA) Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics provides the framework for professional integrity, decision-making, and accountability in nursing. It is central to the nursing identity and guides ethical patient care, unlike codes from organizations that focus on other disciplines.

2. Question: A nurse manager is developing an initiative to improve interdisciplinary collaboration in a hospital unit. Which of the following strategies most effectively fosters such teamwork?

• A) Limiting communication to written reports
• B) Implementing regular interprofessional meetings
• C) Encouraging siloed patient care responsibilities
• D) Assigning tasks without seeking input from other disciplines Correct ANS: B) Implementing regular interprofessional meetings Rationale: Regular interprofessional meetings enhance communication, build mutual respect, and ensure that care decisions incorporate diverse expertise—all of which contribute to improved patient outcomes and a stronger professional environment.

• A) The personal beliefs of the individual nurse
• B) The legal and regulatory framework defined by state boards
• C) The economic conditions of a healthcare facility
• D) Informal workplace practices Correct ANS: B) The legal and regulatory framework defined by state boards Rationale: The scope of nursing practice is legally determined by state boards and professional standards. It defines what nurses are permitted to do and ensures patient safety while guiding professional practice.

6. Question: Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies ethical accountability in nursing practice?

• A) A nurse delegating all high-risk tasks to subordinates without oversight
• B) A nurse documenting care activities and reporting medication errors promptly
• C) A nurse refusing to share patient information even in emergencies
• D) A nurse relying solely on outdated protocols to avoid legal complications Correct ANS: B) A nurse documenting care activities and reporting medication errors promptly Rationale: Ethical accountability involves honest documentation, transparency in error reporting, and taking responsibility for one’s actions. This behavior supports quality patient care and adherence to ethical standards.

7. Question: Historical evolution in nursing has shaped modern practice. Who is most widely recognized as the founder of modern nursing and an influential figure in establishing professional nursing standards?

• A) Clara Barton

• B) Florence Nightingale
• C) Mary Eliza Mahoney
• D) Dorothea Dix Correct ANS: B) Florence Nightingale Rationale: Florence Nightingale is credited with pioneering modern nursing practices, establishing sanitary conditions in hospitals, and promoting the use of data for improved patient care. Her work laid the groundwork for professional nursing.

8. Question: Cultural competence in nursing is vital for providing effective care in diverse populations. Which of the following strategies best promotes cultural competence?

• A) Adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to patient care
• B) Engaging in continuous cultural education and self-reflection
• C) Relying solely on interpreters rather than personal communication
• D) Avoiding discussion of cultural differences with patients Correct ANS: B) Engaging in continuous cultural education and self- reflection Rationale: Cultural competence is nurtured by ongoing education, awareness, and reflective practice. By understanding diverse cultural norms, nurses can tailor care to meet individual patient needs and improve health outcomes.

9. Question: In a healthcare setting, leadership is not only reserved for administrators. Which characteristic is most indicative of effective nursing leadership at the bedside?

• A) Authoritarian decision-making
• B) Effective communication and mentorship
• C) Strict adherence to hierarchy without collaboration

The ANA Code of Ethics establishes essential values such as integrity, altruism, and respect, serving as a guide for nurses throughout their professional practice.

12. Question: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined as integrating individual clinical expertise with the __________, patient values, and available resources. ANS: best available evidence Rationale: EBP applies research findings, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to optimize care, ensuring that nursing interventions are scientifically validated and patient-centered.
13. Question: ____________ is the reflective process through which nurses critically analyze their own practice to identify areas for improvement and professional growth. ANS: Reflective practice Rationale: Reflective practice is key to continuous learning and quality improvement in nursing, enabling professionals to learn from experiences and adapt practice techniques.
14. Question: The nursing process involves five essential steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and __________. ANS: evaluation Rationale: Evaluation is the final step in the nursing process, ensuring that patient goals are met and determining the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
15. Question:

Professional liability in nursing is often managed through __________ insurance, which protects nurses against claims of negligence or malpractice. ANS: malpractice Rationale: Malpractice insurance is critical for risk management in nursing, safeguarding professionals and institutions from legal and financial repercussions related to clinical practice.

16. Question: Cultural __________ is the ability of healthcare providers to effectively deliver care that meets the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients. ANS: competence Rationale: Cultural competence enables nurses to respect and address the diverse health needs of patients, promoting equitable and personalized care.
17. Question: Core __________ values in nursing include altruism, autonomy, beneficence, and justice, all of which guide ethical decision-making and patient interactions. ANS: professional Rationale: Professional values form the ethical foundation of nursing practice, shaping patient care strategies and interpersonal relationships in the healthcare environment.
18. Question: A key product of interprofessional __________ is improved patient outcomes through collaboration, shared decision-making, and coordinated care.

expertise, the best available research, and patient preferences to guide healthcare decisions. Correct ANS: True Rationale: EBP is a systematic approach that emphasizes the integration of multiple factors—clinical experience, research evidence, and patient values—to optimize care.

22. Question: True/False: The legal scope of nursing practice is defined solely by the individual nurse's education and experience. Correct ANS: False Rationale: The legal scope of nursing practice is defined by state laws, regulatory bodies, and professional standards—not just by personal qualifications.
23. Question: True/False: Effective interprofessional collaboration in clinical settings leads to improved patient safety and reduced healthcare errors. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Collaborative practice encourages communication, shared expertise, and collective problem-solving, which are key to enhancing patient safety and reducing errors.
24. Question: True/False: Cultural competence in nursing is a static skill that, once acquired during initial training, does not require further development. Correct ANS: False Rationale: Cultural competence is a continual process of learning, self-reflection,

and adaptation necessary to meet the evolving needs of diverse patient populations.

25. Question: True/False: Continuing education in nursing is a mandatory requirement in most states to ensure that practicing nurses remain current with emerging medical advances and regulatory standards. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Many states require ongoing professional development to maintain licensure, ensuring that nurses are updated on best practices and current regulatory guidelines.
26. Question: True/False: The nursing process is an evidence-based framework that is essential for delivering individualized patient care. Correct ANS: True Rationale: The nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) is a systematic, patient-centered approach that is fundamental to effective nursing practice.
27. Question: True/False: Documentation in nursing serves solely administrative purposes and has no legal significance. Correct ANS: False Rationale: Accurate nursing documentation is a legal record of patient care. It supports continuity of care, quality improvement, and is critical in legal contexts.
28. Question:

Which of the following are core components of the nursing process? (Select all that apply)

• A) Assessment
• B) Diagnosis
• C) Planning
• D) Implementation
• E) Evaluation
• F) Scheduling Correct ANSs: A, B, C, D, E Rationale: The classic nursing process includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Scheduling is not a defined step in this framework.

32. Question: Which steps are essential in the evidence-based practice model? (Select all that apply)

• A) Formulating a clinical question
• B) Searching for the best available evidence
• C) Critical appraisal of the evidence
• D) Applying the evidence in practice
• E) Ignoring patient preferences Correct ANSs: A, B, C, D Rationale: EBP requires formulating focused questions, researching and evaluating current evidence, and integrating it into practice while considering patient values. Ignoring patient preferences contradicts the EBP model.

33. Question: Which attributes contribute to a strong professional nursing identity? (Select all that apply)

• A) Accountability
• B) Empathy

• C) Commitment to lifelong learning
• D) Technical proficiency
• E) Narcissism Correct ANSs: A, B, C, D Rationale: Professional identity in nursing is built on accountability, empathy, ongoing education, and technical skills. Narcissism is contrary to the altruistic and collaborative values of the profession.

34. Question: Which actions by nurses directly promote patient safety? (Select all that apply)

• A) Adhering to clinical protocols
• B) Effective communication with the healthcare team
• C) Timely reporting of errors and near-misses
• D) Failing to document care accurately Correct ANSs: A, B, C Rationale: Consistent protocol adherence, clear communication, and error reporting are proven practices that improve patient safety. Incomplete documentation undermines safety and is unacceptable.

35. Question: Which historical figures are commonly recognized as having significantly influenced the development of nursing as a profession? (Select all that apply)

• A) Florence Nightingale
• B) Clara Barton
• C) Lillian Wald
• D) Marie Curie Correct ANSs: A, B, C Rationale:

38. Question: Which strategies are effective for improving cultural competence in nursing practice? (Select all that apply)

• A) Engaging in reflective practice
• B) Participating in cultural immersion experiences
• C) Continuing education focused on diversity
• D) Relying on stereotypes Correct ANSs: A, B, C Rationale: Reflective practice, cultural immersion, and targeted continuing education are proven methods to enhance cultural competence. Relying on stereotypes is counterproductive and detrimental to patient care.

39. Question: Which factors are considered when determining the scope of nursing practice? (Select all that apply)

• A) Legal and regulatory standards
• B) Professional educational preparation
• C) Personal beliefs that conflict with established guidelines
• D) Institutional policies and protocols Correct ANSs: A, B, D Rationale: The scope of nursing practice is established by legal regulations, the individual’s education, and institutional policies. Personal beliefs that conflict with professional standards are not used to define scope of practice.

40. Question: In an interprofessional team, which elements are critical to successful collaboration? (Select all that apply)

• A) Mutual respect among team members
• B) Clear and open communication

• C) A thorough understanding of each professional’s role
• D) Hierarchical decision-making that minimizes input from non- physician members Correct ANSs: A, B, C Rationale: Effective interprofessional collaboration is built on respect, clear communication, and an understanding of diverse roles. Hierarchical decision-making that suppresses input hinders team collaboration and patient outcomes.

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A newly licensed registered nurse (RN) is preparing to administer medication to a patient. Which of the following actions is the most critical to ensure patient safety? a) Checking the patient's identification band. b) Verifying the medication order against the MAR (Medication Administration Record). c) Confirming the patient's allergies. d) All of the above. Correct ANS: d) All of the above. Rationale: Patient safety is paramount. All the actions listed are crucial steps in medication administration to prevent errors. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a cultural difference in pain expression. The patient is stoic and does not verbally express pain. What is the most appropriate nursing action? a) Document the patient's lack of pain expression. b) Ask the patient's family about their pain experience. c) Assess the patient's nonverbal cues for pain. d) Administer pain medication based on the nurse's assessment. Correct ANS: c) Assess the patient's nonverbal cues for pain.

The \_\__ is a document that provides guidance for nurses' professional conduct. Correct ANS: Nursing Code of Ethics Rationale: The Nursing Code of Ethics outlines the ethical responsibilities and standards of practice for nurses. \_\__ is the process of protecting a patient's personal information. Correct ANS: Confidentiality Rationale: Confidentiality is essential for building trust and maintaining patient privacy. The \_\__ process is used to ensure the safety and quality of care in healthcare settings. Correct ANS: Quality Improvement Rationale: Quality improvement initiatives aim to identify and address areas for improvement in patient care. True/False A nurse is legally obligated to report suspected child abuse. (True/False) Correct ANS: True Rationale: Nurses have a legal and ethical responsibility to report suspected child abuse. It is acceptable for a nurse to share a patient's medical information with a family member without the patient's consent. (True/False) Correct ANS: False Rationale: Patient confidentiality must be maintained. Information should only be shared with consent. The nursing process is a linear, step-by-step approach to patient care. (True/False) Correct ANS: False Rationale: The nursing process is cyclical and dynamic, not strictly

linear. Evidence-based practice relies on intuition and experience. (True/False) Correct ANS: False Rationale: Evidence-based practice uses research findings to guide clinical decisions. Multiple Response Which of the following are components of the nursing process? (Select all that apply.) a) Assessment b) Diagnosis c) Planning d) Implementation e) Evaluation Correct ANS: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: These are the five key steps in the nursing process. Which of the following are responsibilities of a registered nurse (RN)? (Select all that apply.) a) Administering medications b) Developing nursing care plans c) Providing patient education d) Performing physical assessments e) Delegating tasks to other healthcare providers Correct ANS: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: RNs have a wide range of responsibilities. Which of the following are considered patient rights? (Select all that apply.) a) The right to informed consent b) The right to privacy