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Biology 5236 Practice Questions And Answers 100% Verified Review
Which of the following terms indicates the ecological role that an organism plays in a community? - ANS- ✔✔Niche
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes members of the domain Eukarya from members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria? - ANS-✔✔The presence of a nuclear envelope
Valine is typically classified as a hydrophobic amino acid because a valine molecule has which of the following types of side chains? - ANS-✔✔Nonpolar
A teacher asks students to describe how the data collected in an experiment are typically used as evidence. Which of the following responses is the most accurate? - ANS-✔✔"The data are used to support or reject a hypothesis."
Which of the following biomes is characterized by long winters and short summers, snow as the predominant form of precipitation, soil that is acidic and poor in nutrients, and wooded areas made up mostly of evergreen trees with needlelike leaves? - ANS-✔✔Boreal forest
One strand of a certain segment of DNA has the following nucleotide sequence.
5 prime, A G A T G T C C A G T A, 3 prime5′−AGATGTCCAGTA−3′5′-AGATGTCCAGTA-3′
The complementary strand in the same segment of DNA most likely has which of the following nucleotide sequences? - ANS-✔✔3-'TCTACAGGTCAT-5'
The overall process of aerobic cellular respiration is best described as the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide and the reduction of oxygen to produce which of the following? - ANS-✔✔ Water
A student uses stationary fans to investigate the effect of wind on water loss by plants. The student divides the plants into three treatment groups and places each group in front of a fan. The student sets the fan for each group to one of three different levels: low, medium, or high. After 24 hours, the student determines the amount of water that was lost by each plant. To create a bar graph of the results, the student should make the height of each bar represent which of the following? - ANS-✔✔The average water loss for each treatment group
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle that includes which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Replication of DNA
A model of secondary succession typically includes which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Changes in species composition over time
Which TWO of the following are typically present in a bacterial cell but not in a virus? - ANS-✔✔ Ribosomes and DNA
Wind turbines are used for which of the following activities? - ANS-✔✔Generating electricity without burning fossil fuels
The nucleotides of a single strand of DNA are linked together by which of the following? - ANS-✔✔ Phosphodiester Bonds
Which of the following pathways is common to both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration? - ANS-✔✔Glycolosis
In a germinating seedling, the root grows downward into the soil. Which of the following correctly explains this phenomenon? - ANS-✔✔The root exhibits positive gravitropism.
Which of the following best describes the role of transpiration in the water cycle? - ANS-✔✔It moves water from the soil to the atmosphere.
A teacher is preparing a lesson to help students distinguish between scientific theories, laws, and hypotheses. The teacher will provide several examples of each. Which TWO of the following statements best illustrate scientific theories? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following statements correctly describes a step in the processing of a newly synthesized messenger RNA molecule in a eukaryotic cell? - ANS-✔✔A poly-A tail is added to one end of the molecule.
A certain protein hormone stimulates changes in gene expression in the liver cells of a mouse but not in the kidney cells of the same mouse. Which of the following types of molecules are most likely present in the liver cells but not in the kidney cells? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following terms describes the collective interaction of turtles, insects, frogs, birds, and water plants that live in and around the same pond? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following best explains why the roots of a garlic bulb must be completely removed before the bulb is imported into the United States? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following theories is supported by the observations that mitochondria are enclosed by a double membrane and have their own genomes? - ANS-✔✔
In fungi, the digestion of relatively large food molecules typically begins in which of the following locations? - ANS-✔✔In the extracellular environment
Students are creating a model of a predator-prey relationship. Which of the following should the students use to show how the population size of both a predator and its prey change over time? - ANS- ✔✔
A plant breeder cross-pollinates a true-breeding plant that has red flowers with another true-breeding plant of the same species that has white flowers. All the offspring plants have pink flowers. When the offspring are cross-pollinated, the plants that are produced have either red, white, or pink flowers. The results best support which of the following inheritance patterns for flower color in this plant species? - ANS-✔✔
Reproduction by binary fission occurs in which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Of the following factors in a terrestrial ecosystem, which can be said to be abiotic? - ANS-✔✔
At a typical DNA replication fork, the parental strands are separated from each other by which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
External fertilization is most common among the members of which of the following groups? - ANS-✔✔
The increase in global temperatures has contributed to which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Which THREE of the following are features of meiosis that contribute to genetic variation in a species? - ANS-✔✔
A difference between plants and fungi is that plants - ANS-✔✔autotrophic
When caribou migrate, the weaker ones often become the prey of wolves and other carnivores. If the vegetation that the caribou eat is sparse for several consecutive years, which of the following will most likely be true about the wolf population following the years of sparse vegetation? - ANS-✔✔The wolf population will increase because of an increase in the wolves' food availability.
Students and their teacher discuss how messenger RNA molecules encode the amino acid sequences of polypeptides. The teacher asks the students to predict the minimum number of nucleotides needed for
Which of the following biomes is characterized by a consistent climate‚ nutrient-poor soil‚ and high biodiversity? - ANS-✔✔Tropical rain forest
What was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's major contribution to biology? - ANS-✔✔
To investigate human diversity, researchers are collecting DNA sequence information from people around the world. The researchers are using the information to create data repositories and develop computational models. This type of research is an example of - ANS-✔✔bioinformatics
Some fruit varieties have been genetically engineered to ripen slowly, allowing the fruits to be shipped long distances without ripening too soon or becoming easily damaged. The development of the fruits most likely involved inhibition of which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Ethylene production
Which of the following is the most common objection expressed by some individuals in the United States to the medical use of human embryonic stem cells? - ANS-✔✔
A certain insect species lays its eggs on a specific type of plant leaf. The leaves hide the insect eggs from predators and protect them from the environment. After the eggs hatch, the insect larvae feed on the leaves, causing damage to the plant. The relationship between the insect and the plant best illustrates which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Based on the information in the table, which cell is most likely prokaryotic? - ANS-✔✔
Students are preparing a report about the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park. Extirpation of the wolves in the area is thought to have been caused by hunting, agriculture, and other human activities. The students will discuss how the reintroduction of the wolves was intended to restore a keystone species in the park ecosystem. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that the ecosystem restoration efforts were successful? - ANS-✔✔
In a typical eukaryotic gene, the start site of transcription is found immediately downstream of which of the following? - ANS-✔✔The core promoter
Which THREE of the following essential elements for plant growth are obtained primarily through the roots? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following interactions best illustrates intraspecific competition? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following treatments will most likely cause cells to burst and release their contents into the surrounding environment? - ANS-✔✔
A student measures and records the height of a certain plant as 107.040 centimeters. How many significant figures are in the student's recorded measurement? - ANS-✔✔
Which TWO of the following are most likely to alter the allele frequencies of a small population of organisms over a short time? - ANS-✔✔The death of some members of the population from a disease && An influx of individuals from an adjacent population
Serum albumin, a blood protein produced by hepatocytes in the liver, has a molecular mass of approximately 66.5 kilodaltons. By which of the following processes is newly synthesized serum albumin typically transferred from the cytosol of a hepatocyte to the blood? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following examples best illustrates endothermic heat production? - ANS-✔✔
Hillside agricultural practices such as terracing crops and planting crops in a contour pattern are primarily designed to limit the occurrence of which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Increasing the temperature of a reaction solution containing an enzyme and its substrate will typically increase which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
added a constant amount of the enzyme. To monitor the progress of the reaction, the students used a spectrophotometer to determine the percent transmittance for the reaction solution.
Based on the information presented, which of the following was the independent variable in the experiment? - ANS-✔✔
Which TWO of the following are examples of allopatric speciation? - ANS-✔✔
The cells of a particular multicellular organism are often multinucleated, have cell walls that contain chitin, and are connected in long filaments called hyphae. Based on the information presented, the organism is most likely a - ANS-✔✔fungus
In a plant, undifferentiated cells that can divide throughout the life of the plant to enable growth are found in which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Meristem
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor that affects a population? - ANS-✔ ✔Drought
In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are linked together by the transport of pyruvate molecules from the cytosol to which of the following locations? - ANS-✔✔The mitochondrial matrix
Which of the following processes is most likely responsible for an increase in pathogenic bacteria that cannot be killed by common antimicrobial drugs? - ANS-✔✔Natural selection
Each of the four haploid daughter cells that were produced from a certain parent cell by the normal process of meiosis has 12 chromosomes. Based on the information presented, how many chromatids were present in the parent cell during the first prophase stage of the meiotic process? - ANS-✔✔ 48
Which THREE of the following are typically considered major reservoirs of carbon on Earth? - ANS-✔✔ Oceans, Limestone, and Sediments in aqueous solutions
ATP hydrolysis is best represented as an exergonic reaction that produces ADP and which of the following? - ANS-✔✔Inorganic Phosphate
A teacher presents students with a simulation of a dihybrid cross. Both parents in the simulation are heterozygous at each of two different genetic loci. The genetic loci are on different autosomal chromosomes. The teacher asks the students to predict the outcome of the simulation. For every offspring that displays both recessive traits, how many offspring are expected to display both dominant traits? - ANS-✔✔
The organizational relationship between a population and a community is most analogous to the organizational relationship between which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is true about biogeochemical cycles? - ANS-✔✔
Some epithelial cells have microvilli, which are fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane. Which of the following statements best describes how microvilli contribute to the function of the epithelial cells that line the interior of the intestinal tract? - ANS-✔✔
Convergent evolution is best illustrated by which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following combinations of a stimulus and a hormone released in response to the stimulus best illustrates a positive feedback loop? - ANS-✔✔
The role of denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle is to - ANS-✔✔
In a typical description of how an enzyme speeds up a reaction, the presence of the enzyme is said to change the reaction's energy profile by doing which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following structures will most likely be damaged if there is an injury to the cells of the endoderm during embryogenesis? - ANS-✔✔
Which TWO of the following are true statements about triglycerides? - ANS-✔✔
In a certain type of rodent, yellow hair color displays an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, with brown hair color showing dominance over yellow hair color. A female that has brown hair is mated with a male that has yellow hair. If the female is heterozygous, what percent of the offspring are expected to have brown hair? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following molecules can move rapidly across a cell membrane by passive diffusion without the assistance of a transport protein or channel? - ANS-✔✔
In an experiment, duck eggs were incubated in the dark until hatching. After the ducklings hatched, they were individually placed in a well-lit pen and briefly exposed to a particular object. When the ducklings were later reintroduced to the object, they responded preferentially to the object by maintaining proximity to it and by following it as it was dragged across the ground. Which of the following types of behaviors did the ducklings exhibit in the experiment? - ANS-✔✔
A population of beetles includes some individuals with light-colored wings and other individuals with dark-colored wings. A volcano erupts, and lava flow from the volcano covers much of the beetles' habitat. The frequency of beetles with dark wings increases significantly in the generations of beetles observed after the eruption. The wing-color change is most consistent with - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is the mature, diploid structure of a flowering plant? - ANS-✔✔
Many songbirds migrate between breeding grounds and wintering grounds. Which of the following will most likely occur if human activity causes degradation of an ecosystem that includes the wintering grounds of a migratory songbird population? - ANS-✔✔
Researchers have proposed that echinoderms and chordates share a recent common ancestor. Which of the following is a true statement about echinoderms and chordates that supports the proposal? - ANS- ✔✔
Strawberry plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually. Under which of the following conditions is asexual reproduction of strawberry plants likely to be more effective than sexual reproduction? - ANS-✔ ✔
Predictive genetic testing can be used to assess an individual's risk of developing a particular genetic disorder in the future. Such testing is often recommended when familial linkage for the disorder is suspected. Which TWO of the following are most likely to involve ethical issues related to predictive genetic testing? - ANS-✔✔
A researcher identifies a previously unknown species within the moist soil of a wooded area. The species exhibits bilateral symmetry, has internal body segmentation, and uses metanephridia to remove wastes from its blood and coelomic fluid. Based on the information presented, the species is best classified as a member of which of the following animal phyla? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following metabolic processes occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following was an outcome of the Miller-Urey experiment that may have resembled early events in the emergence of life on Earth? - ANS-✔✔
Nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome attachment to spindle fibers is completed during which of the following stages of mitosis? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following best describes a general model of feedback inhibition in a metabolic process? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is true about nonvascular plants, such as mosses? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is produced from livestock manure and that is now being burned by some farms to produce electricity? - ANS-✔✔
Students are developing a model that explains how the plasma membrane acts as a semipermeable barrier between a cell and its surrounding environment. The teacher asks the students to use the model to explain how the plasma membrane limits the movement of ions into and out of a cell. Which TWO of the following factors pose the greatest obstacles to the movement of ions from the surrounding environment into a cell by simple passive diffusion? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is a true statement about the disposal of aluminum cans? - ANS-✔✔
In the exocytic pathway of eukaryotic cells, newly synthesized proteins are cotranslationally translocated into which of the following compartments? - ANS-✔✔
Researchers find that the size of a certain isolated bobcat population has remained unchanged over the previous ten years. Which of the following best explains the researchers' observation? - ANS-✔✔
Cholesterol in the blood is typically transported by lipoproteins. A cell will take up cholesterol from the blood when lipoprotein receptors in the cell's plasma membrane bind to circulating lipoproteins. However, the cell will not take up cholesterol when there is an excess of intracellular cholesterol. Which of the following changes is most likely involved in the negative feedback mechanism that reduces the cell's cholesterol uptake in response to excess levels of intracellular cholesterol? - ANS-✔✔
Which TWO of the following are true statements about the process of DNA replication? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following statements best explains why the amount of available energy is reduced with increasing trophic levels in an energy pyramid? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following statements about carbon is most relevant to explaining its role in the biochemistry of living organisms? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following best describes the role of the detergent SDS in agarose gel electrophoresis? - ANS-✔✔
A particular anticancer drug binds to microtubules, preventing disassembly of microtubules into individual tubulin dimers. Based on this information, treatment with the drug most likely leads to the death of rapidly dividing cancer cells by interfering with which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
In individuals with a particular neurodegenerative disorder, physical and behavioral symptoms first appear in adulthood. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is caused by a particular gene with an excessive number of repeats of the trinucleotide sequence C A GCAGCAG. The disorder is most likely which of the following? - ANS-✔✔
Which TWO of the following ecological benefits are typically associated with frequent low-intensity wildfires? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following is most likely true about the first cells that arose on Earth? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following properties of water is responsible for the solubility of many different molecules in aqueous fluids such as blood and urine? - ANS-✔✔
The flowers of many agave plants are short and tubular, have a pale color, emit a musty scent, and accumulate nectar at night. Which of the following is the most likely pollination strategy of agave plants with such flowers? - ANS-✔✔
Which of the following statements describes a mechanism by which tumor-suppressor proteins prevent cells with mutations from becoming cancer cells? - ANS-✔✔
