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10. Astronomical Data
- Sun 6.95.102 1.97.1020 1.41 25. Body Mean radius,m Mass, kg Mean density,103kg/m3 Period of rotationabout axis, days
- Earth 6.37.106 5.96.1024 5.52 1.
- Moon 1.74.106 7.30.1022 3.30 27.
- Mercury 57.87 0. Planets of solar system Mean Sundiestanc, 106 kmfrom the Siderial period, years
- Venus 108.14 0.
- Mars 227.79 1.
- Jupiter 777.8 11.
- Saturn 1426.1 29.
- Uranus 2867.7 84.
- Neptune 4494 164.
- Solids p, g/cm2 Liquids I P. g/cm 11. Density of Substances
- Diamond 3.5 Benzene 0.
- Aluminium 2.7 Water 1.
- Tungsten 19.1 Glycerin 1.
- Graphite 1.6 Castor oil 0.
- Iron (steel) 7.8 Kerosene 0.
- Gold 19.3 Mercury 13.
- Cadmium 8.65 Alcohol 0.
- Cobalt 8.9 Heavy water 1.
- Ice 0.916 Ether 0.
- Copper 8.9 Gases (under standard condi- p, kg/ra
- Sodium 0.97 Nitrogen 1. Molibdenum 10.2 tions)
- Nickel 8.9 Ammonia 0.
- Tin 7.4 Hydrogen 0.
- Platinum 21.5 Air 1.
- Cork 0.20 Oxygen 1.
- Lead 11.3 Methane 0.
- Silver 10.5 Carbon dioxide 1.
- Titanium 4.5 Chlorine 3.
- Uranium 19.
- Porcelain 2.
- Zinc 7.
- Thermal Expansion Coefficients (at room temperatures)
Solids
Linear expansion coefficient; a, 10-6K-
Liquids
Bulk expansion coefficient; 13, 10-
Aluminium 22.9 Water^ 2. Brass 18.9^ Glycerin^ 5. Copper 16.7^ Kerosene^ 10. Steel (iron) 11 Mercury^ 1. Common glass 8.5^ Ethyl alcohol^ 11.
Note. a= -^ at =-^ 81'a
OT ' V OT
- Elastic Constants. Tensile Strength
Material
Young's modulus (^) E. GPa
Shear modulus G, GPa
Poisson's ratio (I
Tensile strength um, &Pa ity
omprssibil- 13,
e GPa-
Aluminium 70 26 0.34^ 0.10^ 0. Copper 130 40 0.34^ 0.30^ 0. Lead 16 5.6^ 0.44^ 0.015^ 0. Steel (iron) 200 81 0.29^ 0.60^ 0. Glass 60 30 0.25^ 0.05^ 0. Water 0.
av
Note. Compressibility (^) 13 =-7- op
- Saturated Vapour Pressure
°C Pressure,kPa °C Pressure,kPa °C^ Pressure, kPa
0 0.61 25 3.15^60 19.
5 0.87 30 4.23^70 31.
10 1.22^35 5.60^80 47.
15 1.70 40 7.35^90 70.
20 2.33 50 12.3^100 101.
17. Permittivities
(relative values)
Dielectric a Dielectric^ a
Water 81 Mica^ 7.
Air 1.00058 Alcohol^26
Kerosene 2.0 Glass^ 6.
Paraffin 2.0^ Porcelain^ 6.
Plexiglas 3.5 Ebonite^ 2.
Polyethylene 2.
18. Resistivities of Conductors
Conductor Resistivity (at 20 °C)p, nid•m Temperature coefficient a, kK-
Aluminium 25 4.
Tungsten 50 4.
Iron 90 6.
Gold 20 4.
Copper 16 4.
Lead 190 4.
Silver 15 4.
19. Magnetic Susceptibilities of Para- and Diamagnetics
Paramagnetic sub- stance u.-1,^ 10-^
Diamagnetic sub- stance p.-1,^ 10-
Nitrogen 0.013^ Hydrogen^ —0.
Air 0.38^ Benzene^ —7.
Oxygen 1.9 Water^ —9.
Ebonite 14 Copper^ —10.
Aluminium 23 Glass^ —12.
Tungsten 176 Rock-salt^ —12.
Platinum 360 Quartz^ —15.
Liquid oxygen 3400 Bismuth^ —
Substance n Substance n
Air Water
Glass Diamond
Note. Since the refractive indices are known to depend on the nature of the substance and the wavelength of light, the values of n listed here should be regarded as conditional.
- Refractive Indices
Wavelength X, nm Colour
Iceland spar Quartz
ne no ne no
687 red^ 1.484^ 1.653^ 1.550^ 1. 656 orange 1.485 1.655 1.551 1. 589 yellow 1.486^ 1.658^ 1.553^ 1. 527 green 1.489 1.664 1.556 1. 486 blue 1.491^ 1.668^ 1.559 1. 431 indigo^ 1.495^ 1.676^ 1.564^ 1. 400 violet 1.498 1.683 1.568 1.
21. Rotation of the Plane of Polarization Natural rotation in quartz (the thickness of the plate is 1 mm)
X, nm (^) 4), deg X, nm (^) (P. deg X, nm q, deg
217.4 226.91^ 372.6^ 58.89^ 656.3^ 17.
274.7 121.1^ 491.6^ 31.98^1450 3.
328.6 78.58^ 508.6^ 29.72^1770 2.
Magnetic Rotation (X=589 nm). The Verdet Constant V:
Liquid V, ang. uanA^ Liquid^ V, ang. inin/A
Benzene Water
Carbon disulphide Ethyl alcohol
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