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Irrigation Methods: A Comprehensive Guide to Surface, Subsurface, and Sprinkler Systems, Study notes of Engineering

A comprehensive overview of various irrigation methods, including surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, and sprinkler systems. It delves into the advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of each method, offering valuable insights for students and professionals in agriculture and water management. The document also explores the design considerations, components, and operational aspects of each irrigation system, providing a practical guide for implementing efficient and sustainable irrigation practices.

Typology: Study notes

2023/2024

Uploaded on 10/25/2024

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bg1
page
uawbacks
of
ennedy
heosuy
t)He
uial
Hethod.
te)ohape
of
he
sectfon
is
not
knouwn
n
he
advan&e
itt)Kudeu
Eg.
8
sed
to
calculate
ow
elocty
theuouelinilabfon o
kuttes's
foukuloe
aul
also h coupaMatesd 0
Sn
kenneclys
Theauy.
fv)
wolues
o
ot
o
computzklonal
wostks.
Lacey
s_kegime
/heou
Regme
Stable
hene
astë
huee
tyfpes
at
Reaime
TuueReganne
neti
al
Regurne
t)
fina
Regime
Tue
tegane
sDschauge
Constant.
2.Flo
Es
unftoumed.
8.8lel
rade
and
Stt
chaivgp
Constart.
St
quade
Sltt
Stze,
SlRE
chavge
>Amoun
4. Channel u maole
cnlinite
ncoheuent_alufuu
Same
chavateu
as
trars
posP
6ythe
channel.
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16

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page

uawbacks of ennedy heosuy

t)He uial Hethod.

te)ohape of he^ sectfon^ is^ not^ knouwn^ n^ he advan&e

itt)Kudeu Eg. 8 sed to calculate ow elocty theuouelinilabfon o^ kuttes's^ foukuloe^ aul also h coupaMatesd 0 Sn kenneclys Theauy.

fv) wolues^ o^ ot o computzklonal^

wostks.

Lacey s_kegime /heou Regme Stable hene astë huee tyfpes at Reaime TuueReganne

neti al Regurne

t) fina Regime

Tue tegane sDschauge Constant. 2.Flo Es unftoumed. 8.8lel rade and Stt chaivgp Constart. St quade Sltt Stze, SlRE chavge >Amoun

  1. Channel u maole cnlinite ncoheuent_alufuu Same chavateu^ as^ trars^ posP 6ythe channel.

lecosucling toLacey "&lt Coff un cupensfon by the^ v&ulical^ component of (^) eddiles (^) gnosratek at (^) all (^) polnts nounal to (^) the (^) wellco peimafer-

n (^) lial (^) megune (^) welleod peuimalesr (^) Lp) Constant anc 3 (Slope)/ vauesl

K

T tinal sueqpmt (b,D, g) Vauies ttt pasumanent stubilty fo ocheufek

22072hundamental Eqn.of Zaey_luite oloon^ Lac^ ey thua

V2f-R

Heue Lacey'sSelt bctou SMt toctou f (^) 1.76 V (^) dmm d-dianeleuof' Stlt pauticles Ăźn mm. R (^) Hycsuaulic Radt/ou depth Af2-Af1uOVE V-Floo Velocity and A= Huea

V l0.8R 2

Desiveo Cgns

P- 4.75N O

40

P 4-75 G

475 VL PE18-39m

D P- VP6.9<

3 742

1839 V(18.39)-C.944 (24.77)S

D.26m

B P- N5 D 18.39-J5 (1.26) B= 5.57m

S_1) 5/

3340 (1 5)V%

S (^) R. 18 ) 5245

Poge

LOLDbacks otacey

Concept of tue siegime u only heouital and (^) can't be (^) achieue (^) puact aley

Vaufes tgs. aue odeufAa usfng selt fackou whfh not af ol Constat

Concendabon of silt is,net taken to account siet gaaole anol slit chaugt aue not puopeul dalinë.

ton aue^ embiucal^ and^ baseol^ on^ the

uailolle dlhta^ tuom^ a^ batcula (^) tyhe (^) of Chomnel.

s)The chasactexslics of ueqëne ot channel ma

mot be Same^ tou^ alU^ cĂłse3.

fage

*BastnTusgokin Ti i y bopulase uh Lrdibn.

Hnol (^) maiy wecl un (^) ndfa.

Supply chamel

Basin

Levees

Cloobunds )

Thes i a check BasĂȘn because basn ncheck ha tuangulas ou Sguasue toum.

Suppu Channe>

9 Rn

Rinq Bakin

Sasines aue^ tlat (^) aueas o lond (^) s (^) wwOroleol (^) bu evees

Leevees iieient bhe wateu tuorn

flowg to he

aoljacen lol

The Bass ane Lield with uates ubto a desi depth and Metain _wntake inllvate into hesoll.

70 fpes et basse aue i Check"8asie and^ Reng Basnt Ches basie^ most^ comnon^

methol h

nolia E oh^ Basine^ Cplot)^ has^ meanly,^ level^ suspce Ă„ sitalslefou manLdds:euop. Ezplepedely

Rino Baua methool uLebl ou Quoung tue

i Oucheus.

Fuwwoo Luutgatfon tuuwoDs cue 3mall chonnels whth caiu tateu down the lano slope _betzveern he Cuop uons.

The Cuop is^ uuals^ quow^ n^ udges^ 6w^ he tueoS.

FuswoLo uuuigodfon esultable ou cuops ha

Can stan cuates tau a long peutecd.

(/

-Plats

Rtdae

Y

  1. Seasonal wateu aeguirement louw e Costal auea

7hhen the cwo to be quo usn ub a Such

a) As^ to^ Heguiu hunidity^ contuol^ as^

a

tobacco. b)e Cuops haung^ shallouw^ Moots.

c) CHops^ Meguiiing^ eguent^ iurig^

attonn.

Components .PambĂȘng Unft,

  1. (^) Mans Su (^) Main dine
  2. hateuals^ ouatenal^ nes .Rseus (^) a) Valus

5.HccessoufeS 6) Coubles

plugs d) bendds,

  • e) Mescellous

Coupled (^) Lokexa (^) Riset T (^) T T

Ss_GP -Spuink le Nalyer head

-Bnd plug Maun (^) delivwn

Pum

Suctbn Prpe watre SouLH ce

lump lequteol to L wateu Juom Sousce o the Supply Ln af a clesuied pu w 3a, th at Spiinklesu at he 0temot e point also eceiies aSutiient puuwu fo spunkmq Cootev ajnol Þuouid gpc uniounity o watetou uuuigation,

Pumbs

Centuttugal Tux bine

pom omp

Mafnsi Mon Aie coufes woteu fuuon the pump.

to olkeunt ĂŸaul the^ elo^ thuoukh Sub mou anol' lateua

okeuals Useod fou Maus Aue o Plaske Steel Alwninium Con Cuet Cemnt Abestows Steel es^ a^ maunly^ useol^ taw^ peurmanent knan'Lnes.

Plaxtfe cunl Aluminium^ ave SuRloble^ ou

otable mains A6 estoauL^ anod^ onciet^ ane^ not^

stlalfs (^) a

hh psuess wu Suitem

*Access.oules

. uesSLe uauge_ Lt Ă« sed to meok wu the pruessus oat olitleuet "polnts.

2.Caubleu 1l puoulds Comnectfon betuveen tuwo

bibes and b'etuweeh plhes anol fttngs

3 Waten Meteu i Tt weol to mease the uate deleneuecl to mcis Sub-mains O lateuals.

.Feuil2o Applitooatou iusel to obplythe the aukilizz hfch asu souble En udatei to he Dsbufnluu at the desiuecl uate. T uual, Connectecd (^) to the mains ou (^) main pipe.

estan af^ opufakleu^ System

The (^) obfectiue ot (^) desegn of (^) shuinkleu (^) iuuiaaton Sustem tuough achieil mauëmun uugcti ehclency ok louest boss eb le anmual opeation &hd mauntownce cost. Heps ol Desan ot Spuinkleu Syc lern ö nventoyot the Huea

(oSelecbar of^ Shufnkler mozzles ot (^) sha (^) cirg

3Cahacy of^ the^ shuinkle (^) ystem

System kayout

Hyobuaulo Design

nuentoy ot the awea

Map of the auea

loboa phy

clemate Wate Sowce GA) Oualily Ouantity an d Acakikay HlvĂĄlability Depth of luigotion lTo tal Watey needed tou ewufgckon Cus auouon Iufgaton Intewal

Abplcation suate of wateu (cm/h)

Selectfbn at Spuinkled nozzles & spacina

2Ss SLI 860 -Deschauge of one Spesnkleu L/4) 8- (^) Dstonce b/w Spuinkles m) S D& tonce 6/w Jateals (m) I Applfcadon uate^ o (^) Spunkle

7otal nwm beu o1 shuunkle t6X Âź 82 Total Dscharae - Oe 75 X 32 24 /

t)TEme fou iurigation peu serond = m 25 Cm/h

Tuwaatfn Depth Aplecadron Rlte

Shlhing (^) (Gme (^) gAen as

Total Tme peu/secon d = Teme ou iugation ShiJng timé

5h

Lha =i0,000m

Huea F^16 XL0,000^ m^

2

Hue a

Then 6Ooo0 m2E

Length (L)^

= VtGo00o 400 m

Length of the ld D&lance blw the Lateuals

No.of setttma

4OOm 18 m = 222 22 obbso /

TE kabdargs^

TEme uegusted-=22^ X5=110hu Tatal (^) days uegutecl^ LIO

=/1 day

System kayou

The locaktn af the bumb, oufentation otmaurs

Su-mains anol lteudh auuL ced 6ased on aeuating omess Lw, abblfe atfor Mate, 9 eguiEunts and auwallabifhy ot labduns.

Cuop

Hubaul Desan Dschauge tuom a Shusnkleu nozzles

A.2 H

(^9) Shuokeluu (^) nozzllu (^) Dshosig (^) ms Ca Co-eiknt of dehaurge lo,95 to 0. 96) A H (^) Puessute Heaol (^) (rse

Aue (^) othe cuoss (^) Sectisn (^) thunozzl (^) m)

Jales e puead auea of the srskl. dR

wetteo Raolius.

R 1.35J HDm

R (^) Raclls (^) of (^) cwetted (^) axea Ceuexed 6 thi spuinklv (m)

taLLIIU

dphlyChabmel^ and^ 6unes^ ae^

moV (^) veguvel.

7 unq uwateu anol tarestii labouuu.

bewmut mouemunt of taum machine f eakue coay

9.Toloos heblth gseouwth of higheu yelds.

plants onod thuus

10Less nfestakion all ĂŸes tanol ol'seas es

*LEmitotlans eShuĂȘnkleu System

LWend destowls Shuinklou paten and Caus uneuen

dBtuibukon of 'wate.!

o. (^) Rpe Sott toods must be (^) ĂŸuotected tuom te

Empoct of spuoy

  1. High ital Cost. . Heah Yooeu Kequivements.
  2. Mouemunt ot po utable plpes n some soll alte Pugation may pose &ĂŸuoblem.buOblem

Dueh Tufaatlom

a buocess oe slow abplbadfon ot uateu on,aboe ou beneath the soil.

metes (^) Emittew (^) oi abblfoatoaus (^) ou DuĂȘbes aueplaceol close to the p lant anol usecl t SpHay wateu en the foum of oluops, tiny Streom du memiakue Shuay.

Dep Tuigalian is a loo uate, low puessuwwe tHehuent and long duuation abpllcatfon af wateu n plant HEot zone awea.

knouon by vauies names eckle lugbtfon Locallzecd Tugoton Daly tlouw Tuugatiom Duop Tuulaadfon

Sep Tuugation

Components of Dal Tufaaion Systenm

Puvmp ) Pomp Untt / Pomp Set Mauns

.

  1. De'stsuibutiom lines -Sub-Naurs LLatexalu

8 Dufbpeus