Isotopes Notes.pdf, Exams of Chemistry

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Each element has a unique # of protons.

So…EVERY SINGLE ATOM of that element

MUST HAVE the SAME number of protons,

ALWAYS!

This is the reason why each element has a

unique Atomic Number that never changes!

There are 3 isotopes oxygen:

How many protons does each isotope have?

How many neutrons does each isotope have?

O

Oxygen

O

Oxygen

O

Oxygen

ALL oxygen isotopes have an atomic # of 8,

so they all have 8 protons!

neutrons

neutrons

neutrons

There are 3 isotopes carbon:

How many protons does each isotope have?

How many neutrons does each isotope have?

C

Carbon

C

Carbon

C

Carbon

ALL carbon isotopes have an atomic # of 6,

so they all have 6 protons!

neutrons

neutrons

neutrons

In the universe, there are MUCH more

carbon- 12 atoms that exist than carbon- 13

and carbon-14 atoms.

When you find the weighted average of the

masses of the carbon isotopes, the average

will be closest to 12!

C

Carbon

Carbon- 12

The Atomic Mass of calcium is 40.08.

Which one is the most common calcium isotope?

This is because 40.08 rounded to a whole # is

closest to calcium- 40!

Ca

Calcium

Ca

Calcium

Ca

Calcium

Ca

Calcium

• Hyphen Notation:
  • Element name – Mass #
  • Ex: Carbon – 14
• Nuclear Notation:

X

Mass #

Atomic #

Element Symbol

c

14

6

Ex: