Download Cell Membrane Structure and Function Exam Questions with Detailed Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
IU 5 BIOL-L 5 112 5 Exam 5 1 5 with 5
precise 5 detailed 5 answers
phospholipids 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔major 5 component 5 of 5 cell 5 membranes, 5 amphipathic fluidity 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔term 5 for 5 weak 5 hydrophilic 5 bonds 5 allowing 5 lipids 5 and 5 some 5 proteins 5 to 5 drift 5 laterally saturated 5 fats 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solidify 5 at 5 room 5 temperature, 5 can 5 pack 5 close 5 together unsaturated 5 fats 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔kinks 5 in 5 tails 5 which 5 prevents 5 close 5 packing cholesterol 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔regulates 5 the 5 fluidity 5 of 5 membranes cholesterol 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔"temperature 5 buffer" 5 for 5 membranes, 5 4 5 closed 5 carbon 5 rings temperature 5 buffer 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔at 5 a 5 low 5 temperature, 5 cholesterol 5 hinders 5 the 5 close 5 packing 5 of 5 phospholipids 5 and 5 keeps 5 membranes 5 more 5 fluid. 5 at 5 a 5 high 5 temp, 5 cholesterol 5 makes 5 the 5 plasma 5 membrane 5 less 5 fluid 5 by 5 restraining 5 phospholipid 5 movement
non 5 polar 5 molecules 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔can 5 easily 5 pass 5 through 5 the 5 lipid 5 bilayer polar 5 molecules 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔cannot 5 pass 5 through 5 the 5 lipid 5 bilayer integral 5 proteins 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔cross 5 the 5 plasma 5 membrane peripheral 5 proteins 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔attached 5 to 5 inner 5 surface 5 of 5 the 5 membrane, 5 sometimes 5 via 5 integral 5 proteins transport, 5 enzyme 5 activity, 5 signal 5 transduction, 5 cell 5 to 5 cell 5 recognition, 5 intercellular 5 joining, 5 attachment 5 to 5 cytoskeleton 5 and 5 ECM 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔name 5 the 5 6 5 major 5 functions 5 of 5 membrane 5 proteins passive 5 transport 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔first 5 mechanism 5 that 5 moves 5 molecules 5 across 5 cells diffusion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔movement 5 of 5 a 5 substance 5 DOWN 5 its 5 concentration 5 gradient 5 by 5 random 5 thermal 5 movement; 5 is 5 spontaneous 5 (no 5 energy) equilibrium 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solute 5 molecules 5 continue 5 to 5 cross 5 the 5 membrane 5 but 5 at 5 a 5 similar 5 rate 5 in 5 both 5 directions
isotonic 5 solution 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solutes 5 in 5 solution 5 equal 5 the 5 solutes 5 in 5 the 5 cell hypotonic 5 solution 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solutes 5 in 5 the 5 solution 5 are 5 less 5 than 5 the 5 solutes 5 in 5 the 5 cell, 5 causing 5 the 5 cell 5 to 5 burst hypertonic 5 solution 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solutes 5 in 5 the 5 solution 5 are 5 greater 5 than 5 the 5 solutes 5 in 5 the 5 cell, 5 causing 5 the 5 cell 5 to 5 shrink active 5 transport 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔third 5 mechanism 5 that 5 moves 5 molecules 5 across 5 the 5 cell; 5 uses 5 energy 5 to 5 moves 5 molecules 5 against 5 their 5 concentration 5 gradient active 5 transport 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔this 5 type 5 of 5 transport 5 ONLY 5 uses 5 carrier 5 proteins 5 and 5 allows 5 cells 5 to 5 maintain 5 internal 5 concentrations 5 of 5 small 5 molecules 5 that 5 DIFFER 5 from 5 the 5 concentrations 5 in 5 the 5 environment ion 5 pumps 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔this 5 helps 5 to 5 maintain 5 membrane 5 potential; 5 if 5 there 5 is 5 an 5 uneven 5 distribution, 5 more 5 negative 5 ions 5 are 5 inside 5 rather 5 than 5 outside 5 (favors 5 cations 5 inside 5 and 5 anions 5 out 5 the 5 cells) chemical 5 force 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ions 5 concentration 5 gradient; 5 type 5 of 5 force 5 that 5 determines 5 movement electrical 5 force 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔effect 5 of 5 membrane 5 potential 5 on 5 the 5 ions 5 movement; 5 type 5 of 5 force 5 that 5 determines 5 movement
cotransport 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔fourth 5 mechanism 5 that 5 moves 5 molecules 5 across 5 membranes; 5 ATP 5 is 5 indirectly 5 providing 5 energy 5 necessary 5 for 5 this endocytosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔cells 5 take 5 in 5 biological 5 molecules 5 and 5 particulate 5 matter 5 by 5 forming 5 new 5 vesicles 5 from 5 the 5 plasma 5 membrane phagocytosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔cell 5 engulfs 5 particles 5 of 5 food 5 or 5 bacteria 5 via 5 pseudopodium 5 to 5 form 5 a 5 food 5 vacuole pinocytosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔cell 5 gulps 5 droplets 5 of 5 ECF 5 into 5 tiny 5 vesicles; 5 non-specific 5 uptake 5 of 5 solute 5 molecules receptor-mediated 5 endocytosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔enables 5 cells 5 to 5 acquire 5 bulk 5 quantities 5 of 5 specific 5 substances ligand 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔molecule 5 binds 5 specifically 5 to 5 a 5 receptor 5 site 5 of 5 another 5 molecule 5 in 5 coated 5 pit coated 5 pit 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔clusters 5 of 5 receptors 5 on 5 membrane; 5 ligands 5 bind 5 here familial 5 hypercholesterolemia 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔inherited 5 disease 5 by 5 very 5 high 5 cholesterol 5 levels 5 in 5 the 5 blood; 5 caused 5 by 5 LDL 5 receptor 5 proteins 5 that 5 are 5 defective/missing 5 so 5 LDL 5 cannot 5 enter 5 the 5 cell
carbon 5 chains 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔form 5 the 5 skeletons 5 of 5 the 5 most 5 organic 5 molecules; 5 vary 5 in 5 length 5 and 5 shape isomers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔compounds 5 with 5 the 5 same 5 molecular 5 formula 5 but 5 different 5 structures 5 and 5 properties structural 5 isomers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔isomers 5 with 5 the 5 same 5 number 5 of 5 carbons 5 but 5 arranged 5 in 5 different 5 shapes cis-trans 5 isomers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔isomers 5 with 5 the 5 same 5 covalent 5 arrangement 5 but 5 different 5 spatial 5 arrangements 5 around 5 a 5 double 5 bond enantiomers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔isomers 5 that 5 are 5 mirror 5 images 5 of 5 each 5 other; 5 have 5 an 5 asymmetric 5 carbon van 5 der 5 waals 5 interactions 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 weak 5 attraction 5 between 5 2 5 non 5 polar 5 covalent 5 molecules 5 that 5 results 5 from 5 instantaneous 5 changes 5 in 5 charge acidosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔pH 5 of 5 blood 5 < 5 7.35, 5 proceeds 5 left alkalosis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔pH 5 of 5 blood 5 >7.35, 5 proceeds 5 right carbohydrates, 5 proteins, 5 and 5 nucleic 5 acids 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 3 5 marcomolecules
polymers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔large 5 molecules 5 composed 5 of 5 many 5 similar 5 or 5 identical 5 building 5 blocks 5 linked 5 by 5 COVALENT 5 bonds dehydration 5 reaction 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔removes 5 water 5 and 5 forms 5 a 5 new 5 bond hydrolysis 5 reaction 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔adds 5 water 5 and 5 breaks 5 bonds glucose 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 monosaccharide is 5 the 5 preferred 5 energy 5 source 5 for 5 many 5 cells 5 includes 5 polar 5 covalent 5 bonds 5 5 carbon 5 bound 5 to 5 hydroxyl 5 group 5 and 5 1 5 carbon 5 part 5 of 5 aldehyde 5 group fructose 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔a 5 monosaccharide prevalent 5 in 5 plants polar 5 covalent 5 bonds 5 5 carbon 5 bound 5 to 5 hydroxyl 5 group, 5 1 5 carbon 5 part 5 of 5 ketone 5 group monosaccharides 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔(CH2O)n contains 5 1 5 carbonyl 5 group 5 and 5 multiple 5 hydroxyl 5 groups 5 can 5 exist 5 as 5 isomers- 5 structural 5 (glucose 5 and 5 fructose) 5 or 5 enantiomers 5 (glucose 5 and 5 galactose)
cohesion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 clinging 5 of 5 1 5 substance 5 to 5 itself adhesion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔the 5 clinging 5 of 5 1 5 substance 5 to 5 another cohesion 5 and 5 adhesion 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔both 5 of 5 these 5 enable 5 the 5 transport 5 of 5 water 5 and 5 dissolved 5 nutrients 5 upward 5 in 5 plants 5 against 5 the 5 fore 5 of 5 gravity solution 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔liquid 5 that 5 is 5 completely 5 homogeneous 5 of 5 2 5 or 5 more 5 substances solvent 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔dissolving 5 agent 5 of 5 a 5 solution 5 (water) solute 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔substance 5 that 5 is 5 being 5 dissolved aqueous 5 solution 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔solution 5 in 5 which 5 water 5 is 5 the 5 solvent hydration 5 shell 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔sphere 5 of 5 water 5 molecules 5 that 5 surrounds 5 solutes 5 when 5 they 5 are 5 dissolved 5 in 5 water buffers 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔substances 5 that 5 keep 5 the 5 pH 5 of 5 biological 5 fluids 5 relatively 5 constant 5 a 5 weak 5 acid 5 and 5 a 5 weak 5 base 5 that 5 combine 5 reversibly 5 with 5 hydrogen
acidic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔H 5 > 5 OH basic 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔H 5 < 5 OH polysaccharides 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔most 5 abundant 5 organic 5 polymers 5 on 5 earth important 5 for 5 storing 5 sugar glycogen 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔large 5 chains 5 of 5 glucose 5 molecules branched 5 helical 5 structure ONLY 5 a-glucose 5 monomers used 5 as 5 an 5 energy 5 storage 5 macromolecule 5 - 5 does 5 NOT 5 provide 5 all 5 the 5 energy 5 stores 5 in 5 the 5 body starch 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ONLY 5 a-glucose 5 monomers either 5 a 5 branch 5 helical 5 or 5 unbranched 5 structure 5 important 5 in 5 plant 5 polysaccharides 5 - 5 stored 5 in 5 amylopast cellulose 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ONLY 5 b-glucose 5 monomers straight 5 unbranched 5 molecule 5 every 5 other 5 glucose 5 is 5 flipped 5 180 5 degrees essential 5 component 5 of 5 plants, 5 animals 5 don't 5 have 5 enzymes 5 to 5 digest 5 it
pyrimidines 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1carbon/N 5 ring cytosine, 5 thymine 5 (in 5 DNA), 5 and 5 uracil 5 (in 5 RNA) purines 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔2carbon/N 5 rings adenine 5 and 5 guanine phosphodiester 5 bonds 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔nucleotide 5 monomers 5 are 5 linked 5 by 5 these 5 types 5 of 5 bonds RNA 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔molecules 5 consist 5 of 5 a 5 single 5 strand 5 of 5 polynucleotides peptide 5 bonds 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔covalently 5 links 5 the 5 carboxyl 5 group 5 of 5 1 5 AA 5 to 5 the 5 amine 5 group 5 of 5 another 5 AA
