LP 8E James Lange and Two-factor Theory 1
03/30/20
James-Lange Theory of Emotions
The James-Lange Theory says that bodily perception of specific patterns of
physiological changes occur before the emotional response.
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James-Lange Theory of Emotions, Slides of Social Psychology of Emotion
James-Lange Theory of Emotions in describes psychological changes with different emotions, body maps of emotions and cognitive theories of emotions.
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James-Lange Theory of Emotions The James-Lange Theory says that bodily perception of specific patterns ofphysiological changes occur before the emotional response.
Physiological Change with Different Emotions
Facial Feedback Hypothesis According to the facial feedback hypothesis, a person’s facial expression triggersan emotional response.When you mimic a smile, people reported cartoons being funnier than those whomimicked a frown.
Cognitive Theories of Emotions: Two-Factor Theory The two-factor theory of emotion states that emotions are interactions of (1)physiological arousal and (2) the cognitive label that we apply to explain thearousal.To demonstrate the two-factor theory, Schachter and Singer gave participants aninjection of epinephrine that increases blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow tothe brain, blood sugar levels and respirations. This was an artificial physiologicalarousal.Participants were given one of three explanations about the injection. • correctly informed^ of the effects, or • some were misinformed^ of the effects, or • some were not informed^ at all.
Misattribution of Emotional States According to the two-factor theory, when we are physiologically aroused, we tryto understand the arousal and attribute it to emotions. In some instances, wemisidentify the source and cause of our emotions. This process is unconsciousand automatic.When people are physiologically aroused while riding an exercise bike, o They find attractive people more attractive o Annoying people more annoying o Funny cartoons funnier When people were physiologically aroused by walking over a bridge high abovethe ground (left panel), an interviewer they encountered was rated as moreattractive compared to a bridge closer to the ground (right panel).
Situational Determinants of Aggression: Heat o Heat o Media violence o Violent video games There are higher rates of violent crimes, but not non-violent crimes, as thenumber of days above 90 degrees Fahrenheit increase.This relationship still held when you took into account unemployment rates, percapita income and average age of the residents.
Situational Determinants of Aggression: Heat This may help account for why the presence of parks reduces violence during thesummer. It gives a different attribution for the increased arousal.
Misattribution of Emotional States
We also have a desire for explanations—why are we having this emotionalresponse? Those who may have a good understanding of their environmentwould be less likely to attribute it to the needle.
Misattribution of Emotional States
LP 8E James Lange and Two-factor Theory 1603/30/20 Scarcity principle The subjective value of a commodity increases as its availability decreases.
LP 8E James Lange and Two-factor Theory 1703/30/ Examples of Scarcity:^ •^ When Dade county banned phosphate based soaps, citizens smuggledphosphate soaps in from neighboring counties. They claimed that thephosphate based soaps cleaned their laundry better, and made their clothessmell fresher.^ •^ Music by Kurt Cobain, Elvis, The Doors is valued more after their deaths.^ •^ Paintings by Van Gogh, Monet, Picasso are valuable because they arescarce.^ •^ Fantastic Four #1, X-men #94 or Spider-Man #1 are more expensive comicbooks because there are very few copies of them compared to later issues.^ •^ The subjective value of Cabbage Patch dolls, Tickle me Elmo, and PlayStation 2, Wii were inflated when the demand was high and the availability islow.^ •^ In the Scientific American Frontiers video Fat and Happy
, children are more likely to binge on junk food when they are provided the opportunity if theyare restricted at home. • A person who sells a used car, stereo, refrigerator, etc. can make the itemappear “scarce” by scheduling people to view the item at the same time.
Misattribution of Emotional States