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Johns Hopkins University Style Guide These guidelines were compiled by editors in the Office of Communications to encourage consistency and correct usage of terms across the many publications produced by JHU offices. The guidelines draw from current editions of the AP Stylebook and Chicago Manual of Style. Written from a Johns Hopkins point of view, the guidelines are intended to complement AP and CMOS , and when those sources disagree, to choose between them. For points not addressed in the guidelines, AP is the preferred source. For points not listed in AP , use the dictionary it recommends: Webster’s New World College Dictionary. When the dictionary gives two spellings, use the first one; when AP and Webster’s disagree on a spelling, use AP ’s. A number of individual JHU publications have their own style sheets, more detailed and directed to handling specialized content. The guidelines below will supplement those already existing and will contribute to the effort to bring overall consistency to university publications. abbreviations and acronyms Do not follow an organization’s full name with an acronym in parentheses. If an acronym would not be clear without this arrangement, do not use it. When the full name of an acronym is used, words that are not normally capitalized should be lowercased: MOOC is an acronym for massive open online course. Some frequently used acronyms for Johns Hopkins programs, centers, and departments are CCP (Center for Communication Programs), CSOS (Center for Social Organization of Schools), CTY (Center for Talented Youth), DOGEE (Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering), EP (Engineering for Professionals), E2SHI (Environment, Energy, Sustainability and Health Institute), IBBS (Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences), ICE (Institute for Cell Engineering), INBT (Institute for NanoBioTechnology), MSEL (Milton S. Eisenhower Library), STScI (Space Telescope Science Institute), JHOC (Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center). See also Johns Hopkins University divisions. academic and administrative titles In most cases, titles should follow a name and be lowercased; the exception is named professorships and deanships, which stay capped even when they follow a name. When a formal title precedes a name, capitalize it, but lowercase words that modify the title : Professor Kit Bowen, chemistry Professor Kit Bowen, Assistant Professor Judith Mitrani-Reiser, English Department Chair Eric Sundquist, Vice President Glenn M. Bieler. With lowercase titles that follow names, the capitalization of the discipline or department is determined by the usage: professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences (lowercase psychiatry and behavioral sciences because you’re talking about the academic discipline, not a department); research professor in Physics and Astronomy at the Krieger School (capitalize Physics and Astronomy because you’re talking about the department, not the discipline); director of African Studies at SAIS (capitalize African Studies because you’re talking about a program, not a discipline). academic degrees Omit periods ( MD, PhD ), but avoid abbreviations when
possible: John Jones, who has a doctorate in psychology. Capitalize the formal name of a degree ( Master of Arts), but lowercase the discipline ( Master of Arts in history ) and the informal name ( master’s degree in history ). academic departments Capitalize both the formal name of the department and the flip-flopped name: Department of History, History Department. Also capitalize the shortened form for a department ( a joint appointment in History and Art History ). In most cases, use the formal name unless it becomes too cumbersome. In plural constructions, lowercase departments of and capitalize the discipline: the departments of History and Political Science or the History and Political Science departments. (Note, however, the use of lowercase when the discipline, not the department, is intended: John Smith is studying history and political science.) accent marks For words like premiere that are listed without an accent in AP and with an accent in Webster’s, follow AP. For foreign words not listed in AP , follow Webster’s. See also foreign words. adviser Not advisor. African-American Hyphenate noun and adjective forms. ages Always use figures. aka No spacing. alphabetization of hyphenated surnames Alphabetize by first surname: Susan B rown-Smith. If names are not hyphenated, alphabetize by final surname: Susan Brown S mith. ampersand Use only when the ampersand is part of the formal name of a department, division, company, etc.: U.S. News & World Report, Evergreen Museum & Library. Do not use an ampersand to avoid the repetition of and , as in, The School of Arts & Sciences and the School of Engineering are based at Homewood. Use instead the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering. Anne M. Pinkard Building, School of Nursing anti-cancer archives The Milton S. Eisenhower Library has two named archives: the Ferdinand Hamburger Jr. Archives and the Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection ; the School of Medicine’s archives are the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives. Although Archives is plural, each collection mentioned here takes a singular verb. Arellano Theater Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality
Conservatory, the Preparatory, the Press, the Laboratory/the Lab (for APL), the Academy (an institute for advanced study for retired professors), the Beach (lawn in front of the Eisenhower Library). cardiovascular and critical care tower Formal name is Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Cardiovascular and Critical Care Tower. Sheikh Zayed Tower is acceptable, even on first reference, as a shortened form. Carnegie Institution for Science catalog, cataloging Not catalogue, cataloguing. cellphone Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence Center for Communication Programs Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC is the acronym. The Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children’s Center Lowercase The in running copy. Class of 2016 Capitalize Class. colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or the start of a complete sentence. comma Use a serial comma (i.e., before and in a series): the schools of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health. If a serial comma does not appear in a proper name (Department of Family, Population and Reproductive Health), do not add it. Commencement Capitalize it when referring to the university’s end-of-year ceremonies. Also cap Commencement Day. Community-Public Health A School of Nursing department. composition titles For capitalization style, follow AP and cap the principal words, including prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters. For guidelines on italicizing titles, follow CMOS. Operas, oratorios, tone poems, and other long musical compositions are italicized and given standard title capitalization ( Chicago 8.189, 8.190). If an instrumental work is known by its generic name (symphony, concerto, quartet, etc.) , it should not be italicized or put in quotation marks (Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, Verdi’s Requiem). Descriptive titles (e.g., Beethoven’s symphonies Pastoral and Eroica) are italicized. For permissible changes to titles, see Chicago 8.163. An official album title is italicized ( Chicago 8.192). Songs and other shorter musical compositions are set in roman and enclosed in
quotation marks, capitalized in the same way as poems ( Chicago 8.189). Books and periodicals are italicized and capitalized headline-style ( Chicago 8.166). Movies and television and radio programs and series are italicized. A single episode in a television or radio series is set in roman and enclosed in quotation marks ( Chicago 8.185). Cordish Lacrosse Center corp. Abbreviate when a name ends with corporation (Johns Hopkins Health System Corp.) ; spell elsewhere (the Corporation for Public Broadcasting). course titles Do not italicize course titles or use quotation marks around them. course work Croft Hall Formerly the New Engineering Building. cross-disciplinary cross section CT scan data When the word data refers to separate elements, use plural verbs and pronouns: Data have been collected from many countries. When the word functions as a collective noun, use singular verbs and pronouns: The data you collected is helpful in this project. Decker Gardens dialogue disc1 /DISC1 Disc1 is the gene and DISC1 the protein made from that gene. earth Generally lowercase; capitalize when used as the proper name of the planet. She is down-to-earth. How does the pattern apply to Mars, Jupiter, Earth, the sun, and the moon? The astronauts looked down upon the Earth from space. He hopes to move heaven and earth. Peter Olson is a professor of Earth and planetary sciences. editor-in-chief Use hyphens and capitalize the nouns when it is the formal title before a name. Other examples are artist-in-residence and surgeon-in-chief. email In printed works, it is often necessary to break an email address or a uniform resource identifier such as a URL at the end of a line. Such a break should be made between elements if at all possible: after a colon or a double slash; before or after an equals sign or an ampersand; or before a single slash, a period, or any other punctuation or symbols. To avoid confusion, an address that contains a hyphen should never be
Gateway Sciences Initiative gender neutral language Helpful techniques for achieving gender neutral language are listed in Chicago 5.225 and 5.227. Chairman and chairwoman are acceptable when they refer to specific people; otherwise use chair. George Peabody Library Located adjacent to the Peabody Institute, but it is administratively part of the Sheridan Libraries, not of Peabody. Hanukkah headlines Johns Hopkins Magazine and the Gazette use both upper- and lowercase headline styles. For lowercase style, follow AP Stylebook , headlines ; for uppercase, see Chicago 8:157. A few points: Cap prepositions of four or more letters. Enclose in single quotation marks titles and other words that are normally italicized. Use single instead of double quotation marks in headlines and callouts. Designers have free rein in headlines of features and do not need to follow these rules. health care Two words unless spelled as one word in the official title of an organization, bill, etc. Do not hyphenate as an adjective. Henderson-Hopkins School Formal name is Elmer A. Henderson: A Johns Hopkins Partnership School. It’s a contract school, not a charter school. home page Two words. Homewood Schools This term refers to the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering. If possible, avoid this designation. hyphen Compounds: Both AP and Chicago prefer a spare hyphenation style. If no suitable example or analogy can be found in either stylebook ( AP Punctuation section, under “hyphen” and Chicago 7.85) or in the dictionary, hyphenate only if doing so will aid readability. Hyphenate and a half only if used as a compound adjective: one and a half inches, a one-and-a-half-inch hem. Do not hyphenate then as an adjective: then Soviet Russia. Do not hyphenate number + percentage: a 10 percent raise. Do not hyphenate dollar amount: She signed a 10 - year, $250 million contract. Do not hyphenate certain words, even when used as adjectives: high school class, health care law. Do not hyphenate very and adverbs ending in – ly ( a highly regarded author, a very good student ). When a compound modifier follows the verb to be, hyphenate it: Her work is well- regarded. incorporated Abbreviate and capitalize as Inc. when used as a part of a corporate
name. Do not set off with commas: Time Warner Inc. announced its new plan. initials If an entire name is abbreviated (e.g., MLK, JFK ), omit spaces and periods ( Chicago 10.12; see also 7.62). When an individual uses initials instead of a first name (e.g., E.L. Doctorow, H.L. Mencken ), use periods with no space between the initials. Use a single initial (e.g., J. Jones ) only when it is the individual’s preference or a first name cannot be learned. Internet Intersession Capitalize when referring to the academic term during winter break. Institute for Health and Social Policy Formerly the Institute for Policy Studies. italics In addition to the words to be italicized that are listed in composition titles and paintings, statues, and such, named blogs, ships and other vessels (but not abbreviations USS or HMS), exhibitions, and symposium series need to be italicized. Johns Hopkins at Green Spring Station, Johns Hopkins at Eastern, Johns Hopkins at Keswick, Johns Hopkins at Mount Washington Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics Supported by SPH, JHM, JHN, and KSAS; serves the entire university and health system. Johns Hopkins Health System The components of the health system are the Johns Hopkins Health System Corp., the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Employer Health Programs, Howard County General Hospital, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Suburban Hospital, and All Children’s Hospital. The Johns Hopkins Health System Corp. is a legal entity that employs 1,060+ people who support several legal entities with services that include Legal, Finance, Human Resources, and Compliance. The corporation wholly owns the subsidiaries of the health system. The School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins HealthCare, and the Johns Hopkins Home Care Group are part of Johns Hopkins Medicine but not part of the health system. Johns Hopkins Institutions The use of this term is discouraged. It is sometimes used to refer collectively to the following entities: Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Health System Corp., Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Johns Hopkins Employer Health Programs, Howard County General Hospital, Sibley Memorial Hospital, Suburban Hospital, All Children’s Hospital, Johns Hopkins HealthCare, the Johns Hopkins Home Care Group and subsidiaries, and Johns Hopkins Medicine International. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions This term is sometimes used to refer collectively to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, and the Johns Hopkins
capitalized The. When used as shortened forms of JHU and JHH, university and hospital should not be capitalized. The preferred shortened name of the university and hospital is Johns Hopkins rather than Hopkins. joint vs. separate possession When two nouns “possess” the same thing, they are considered a unit, and only the second element takes the possessive form: Michael Willis and Robert Hathaway’s New Security Challenges in Asia is available from Johns Hopkins University Press (the book was co-edited by Willis and Hathaway ). When two nouns possess different things, both nouns take the possessive form: Roger Hart’s and William Turkel’s new books are also available from the Press ( Chicago 7.22). Jr., Sr. Abbreviate junior and senior only with full names of persons or animals. Do not use commas around Jr. or Sr.: Martin Luther King Jr. Commemoration. Koch Cancer Research Building lifelong lifesaving Life Sciences and Technology Park at Johns Hopkins light-years
- like Hyphenate only if the letter L would be tripled or if the main word is a proper noun: The Homewood campus has 140 parklike acres. **long-standing long-term longtime
- making** Decision making (noun form), the decision-making process, decision- maker but policymaking, policymaker and filmmaking, filmmaker. Malone Hall manikin Correct spelling for medical figure (not mannequin ). Maryland Institute College of Art Its acronym, MICA, is acceptable on first reference. Mason Hall Admissions and visitors center at Homewood. Materials Science and Engineering
Mattin Center McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Mergenthaler Messenger spacecraft Not MESSENGER. Mount Vernon movie titles See composition titles. Mt. Washington Conference Center (But Mount Washington campus ) museums at Homewood Evergreen Museum & Library, Homewood Museum, the Johns Hopkins Archaeological Museum. The term Johns Hopkins University Museums refers only to the historic house museums, Homewood and Evergreen. The Archaeological Museum is part of the School of Arts and Sciences. named deanships Benjamin T. Rome Dean of the Whiting School of Engineering; James B. Knapp Dean of the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences; Frances Watt Baker, M.D., and Lenox D. Baker Jr., M.D., Dean of the Medical Faculty; Sheridan Dean of University Libraries and Museums. named departments Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (KSAS), Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy (KSAS), W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (SPH), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (SOM), Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (SOM). named professorships Capitalize named professorships: Lawrence Principe is the Drew Professor of the Humanities. Note that one holds a chair: Michael Miller holds the Herschel and Ruth Seder Chair in Biomedical Engineering. It is also acceptable to say: Michael Miller is the Seder Professor in Biomedical Engineering. For a complete list of named professorships, deanships, and directorships, go to webapps.jhu.edu/namedprofessorships. names with unusual capitalization Names of companies, organizations, or magazines that use all caps in their logos and letterhead may follow an upper- and lowercase style: Time magazine, not TIME; the Rand Corp., not the RAND Corp. Names like eBay, iTunes, and iPod do not need their initial letters capped at the beginning of a sentence. Names with caps in the middle should retain those caps: GlaxoSmithKline, Institute for NanoBioTechnology. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute The serial comma in this title is not
other than the artist, or translated. The names of works of antiquity (whose creators are often unknown) are usually set in roman (see Chicago 8.193). Peabody box office Peabody Institute The Peabody Institute comprises two divisions: the Conservatory and the Preparatory. Retain the initial caps for Conservatory and Preparatory. Peace Corps: Note that the term returned Peace Corps volunteers is often abbreviated as RPCVs on second reference. plural of Latin nouns Use the form that Webster’s lists first: curricula, colloquia, symposiums. possession See joint vs. separate possession. possessives Three examples to note in Johns Hopkins usage: campus’s, SAIS’, and Johns Hopkins’. See AP possessives for a complete discussion. pre- Hyphenate the prefix pre- when the compound it creates, is not listed in AP or Webster’s or is a proper noun: pre-July Fourth celebration, pre-retirement party. In most cases, hyphenate to avoid a double vowel (per AP): pre-existing, pre-eminent, pre-empt, pre-exist. Exception: preeclampsia. premiere/premier Premiere (no accent, per AP ) can function as a noun meaning first performance , as an adjective meaning the lead or first performer , or as a verb meaning to give a first performance. Premier is either an adjective or a noun: As an adjective, it means chief, key, first in importance. This discovery is of premier importance to people with ALS. As a noun, it is used for the title of the prime minister of certain countries. principal investigator Lowercase. quads on Homewood campus The upper and lower quads should be referred to by their proper names: Keyser Quad (upper quad) and Wyman Quad (lower quad). The newest quad is the south quad, the Decker Quad. Ralph S. O’Connor Recreation Center Road Scholar program at Peabody Formerly Elderhostel. room numbers Preferred order is room number before the building: 148 Gilman, 212 Whitehead. Rosh Hashana
Ross Jones Building Not F. Ross Jones Building. SAIS’ Schafler Auditorium In the Bloomberg Center. Science + Technology Park at Johns Hopkins service centers Capitalize: Sponsored Projects, Accounts Payable, Fixed Assets, Payroll. Shaffer Auditorium, Shaffer Hall Sheridan Libraries They encompass the Brody Learning Commons and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library, including MSEL’s collections at the Albert D. Hutzler Reading Room (“the Hut”) in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen, and the George Peabody Library at Mount Vernon Place. Sheikh Zayed Tower shuttle Lowercase: Homewood-JHMI shuttle. smartphone Smokler Center for Jewish Life in the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Building Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) Sr. See Jr., Sr. startup, start up One word as a noun or adjective; two words as a verb. state abbreviations In running copy, it is preferable to spell out the names of states. When abbreviations of state names are necessary, follow AP style and do not use postal codes except in headlines with state names that have two parts ( NJ, NY ). To decide whether a state name is needed, consult AP, datelines. Stony Run St. Paul Street student-athlete Student Conduct Code
U.S. in headlines Use periods; an exception to AP style. verbs, singular or plural Some Johns Hopkins entities with plural names take singular verbs, others plural ones. Some examples: The Friends of the Libraries is holding a meeting. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions are in East Baltimore. The Sheridan Libraries encompass the Brody Learning Commons and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library, including MSEL’s collections at the Albert D. Hutzler Reading Room in Gilman Hall, the John Work Garrett Library at Evergreen Museum, and the George Peabody Library at Mount Vernon Place. Two other agencies that appear frequently in JHU publications are the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Both take a singular verb when either the formal name or the acronym is used. vice president Use for, not of, as the preposition: vice president for communications, vice president for human resources. wait list Washington DC Center website Also webcam, webcast , and webmaster. But as a short form and in terms with separate words, the Web, Web page , and Web feed. Do not italicize or put in quotes the names of websites. Weinberg Building Full name is Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Building (note the single n in Jeanette).
- wide No hyphen: universitywide. Wilmer Eye Institute Robert H. and Clarice Smith Building/Maurice Bendann Surgical Pavilion at Wilmer Eye Institute. Wood Basic Science Building (WBSB) workforce Work, Life and Engagement Yeung Center Benjamin and Rhea Yeung Center for Collaborative China Studies Young Investigators’ Day Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Last updated: 9 / 02 /201 4
