The Katipunan: A Historical Analysis of the Philippine Revolution - Prof. Pangilinan, Slides of History

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The KKK and the "Kartilya ng Katipunan"

“ Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang

Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan ” (KKK)

The KKK members agreed on the following

objectives:

▪ The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the country’s independence. ▪ The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals, and how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism.. ▪ The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor oppressed. The “ Kataastaasang Sanggunian ” (supreme council) was the highest governing body of the Katipunan. It was headed by a supremo, or president. Each province had a “ Sangguaniang Bayan ” (Provincial Council) and each town had a “ Sangguniang Balangay ” (Popular Council).

The Leaders of the Katipunan:

▪ Deodato Arellano -Supremo ▪ Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal ▪ Teodora Plata -Secretary ▪ Valentine Diaz -treasurer ▪ Andres Bonifacio -controller

The Katipunan: the secret organization that

initiated the revolt

▪ Andres Bonifacio was the Supreme of the Katipunan (association), or as it was also known: Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Venerated Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land). The organization drew inspiration from Dr. Jose Rizal, whose literary works, particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, exposed the cruelties of the Spanish colonisers. Before Katipunan was established, both Bonifacio and Rizal were part of ‘La Liga Filipina’ – a progressive organization initiated by Rizal that sought peaceful reforms.

▪ After Rizal’s arrest and deportation to Dapitan, La Liga Filipina dissolved. This was later replaced by a call for aggressive reforms, put forward and favored by Bonifacio. Upon hearing of Rizal’s arrest, Bonifacio and his fellows founded the Katipunan. The anti-colonial secret organization eventually attracted people from lower and middle classes across the country, enjoining them in an armed revolt against Spain. ▪ Rizal, the country’s national hero, refused to participate. He believed timing wasn’t on their side and the nation was still unprepared. In spite of his friend’s reservations, Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros continued with their plan. Yet on August 1896, a Spanish friar found them out.

▪ After several unsuccessful revolts, rebels in Cavite

finally had a taste of victory. Under Emilio Aguinaldo

(mayor of Cavite El Viejo) and Mariano Alvarez

(Bonifacio’s uncle), the Philippine Revolution was in

full swing.

▪ The revolution dragged down the name of Rizal. He

was accused of being associated with the secret

militant society. Charged with sedition, conspiracy

and rebellion, Rizal was sentenced to death by firing

squad.

Internal struggles, conflicts, and a surprising turn

of events

▪ Alongside the Spanish authorities, Katipuneros were soon fighting amongst themselves. Rivalries emerged between commanders and territories, creating big rifts in the association. The Katipunan divided into two councils, namely the Magdiwang and Magdalo – that is, those who favoured Aguinaldo and those who favoured Bonifacio. ▪ To settle the leadership dispute, the Tejeros Convention was established. This assembly of officials was intended to unite the two factions and elect officers for the revolutionary government. After a makeshift election, Bonifacio lost to Aguinaldo and leadership was turned over to him.

A Rival Government

▪ Bonifacio soon set out to Naic, Cavite, where he established a rival government against Aguinaldo. Newly recognised as the leader of the revolution, he issued a coup d’etat against Aguinaldo’s government. Upon learning this, Aguinaldo ordered the official arrest of Bonifacio. ▪ Bonifacio was captured and found guilty of sedition and treason by the War Council. They were soon executed near Maragondon.

The arrival of the Americans and the Declaration

of Independence

▪ April 1898 marked the second phase of the Philippine Revolution. After a US Navy warship exploded and sunk in Havana harbor, the Americans declared a war against Spain known as the Spanish-American War. ▪ The US Navy’s Asiatic Squadron, led by Commodore George Dewey, sailed to Manila and defeated the Spanish Navy. In just a few hours all Spanish ships were destroyed and the US gained control of the Philippine capital.

"Kartilya ng Katipunan"

He was able to Speak Fluent Spanish and Tagalog. Tagalog is the official Filipino language. Since he was very talented with these two languages he was able to write several things for this group. He wrote this society’s newspaper called the Kalayaan. To protect his identity he wrote under the name“Dimas-ilaw”. He is greatly known for writing the Katipunan guide book called the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”. Emilio Jacinto is still looked upon as a Filipino hero because of his great work. He is best known as “The Brains of the Katipunan”.

KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN (english version) -

Emilio Jacinto

The life that is not spent in the service of a great and noble cause is like a tree without a shade, or like a poisonous weed. The good work that is done out of self-interest and not for its own sake has no merit. True piety consists in doing good to others, in loving one's neighbor and in making right reason the rule for every action, work and word. All men are equal whether the color of their skin be white or black. One man may surpass another in wisdom, wealth or beauty, but not in that which makes him a man. (1)