KINGDOM: Fungi, DOMAIN: Eukarya
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Fungi: Characteristics, Reproduction, and Role in Ecosystems, Summaries of Nutrition
An overview of Fungi, their characteristics, modes of nutrition, reproduction, and their role in ecosystems as decomposers and mutualists. Fungi are multicellular organisms that absorb food through hyphae and have cell walls made of chitin. They reproduce sexually and asexually, forming spores and zygotes. Fungi come in various shapes and sizes, with different reproductive structures. They have important applications in food, medicine, and industry.
What you will learn
- What are the different groups of Fungi and their examples?
- How do Fungi absorb food?
- What are the different modes of reproduction in Fungi?
- What are the main characteristics of Fungi?
- What are the roles of Fungi in ecosystems?
Typology: Summaries
2021/2022
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KINGDOM: Fungi, DOMAIN: Eukarya
Description: Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
Where do Fungi Live?
- Moist habitats world wide
Common Examples: mushrooms, yeast, bread mold
Mode(s) of Nutrition
- Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the environment.
- Fungi absorb food through hyphae
- Fungi are NOT producers!!! They are CONSUMERS!!! .^ –^ (Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.)
- All fungi form spores and zygotes.
Sporangia are structures that produce spores.
Spores
Sporangia
Parts of a Typical Fungus:
- hyphae = long strands of the fungi body
- mycellium = long tangled masses of hyphae
- fruiting body = a reproductive structure visible above ground
Diagram
Fungi Main Groups and Examples
- Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.
- Sac fungi form a reproductive sac, or ascus.
- Ex. Yeasts are single-celled sac fungi.
- Ex. Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.
Morels Moss cup fungi: Scarlet Elf Cup
- Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.
- form zygospores during reproduction
- mycorrhizae belong to this group
- Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
- distinctive reproductive structures
- life cycles may include either sexual or asexual reproduction or both
- Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
How Fungi Help Man
- Food – we eat many forms of fungi
- Ex. Mushrooms, Truffles, Morels
- Many foods are flavored by fungi action
- Some alcoholic beverages are made by fungi
- Fungi (Yeast) make bread dough rise
- Medicines- many antibiotics are produced from fungi
- Fungi are studied for many purposes.
How Fungi Hurt Man
- Fungi can be pathogens of man:
- Diseases include: atheletes foot, ringworm, some forms of respiratory illnesses, yeast infections
- Fungi can be pathogens of animals and crops:
- Cost farmers $$$
Special Roles in Ecosystems
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi may be decomposers or mutualists.
- Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any ecosystem. - decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals - return nutrients to the soil - But, can damage fruit trees and wooden structures