Download KNPE 125 Unit 2 Exam: Muscle Metabolism and Hormonal Regulation and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
KNPE 125 UNIT 2 EXAM WITH COMPLETE
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Subsarcolemmal Mitochondria is involved in ____ _____ while intermyofibrilar is involvedwith ____ - ANSWER>>Active Transport , Contraction
Why do muscle cells have multiple nuclei? -are highly metabolic ANSWER>>Cell size is large, and muscles
What happens to the sarcomere during the power stroke? - ANSWER>>It shortens What is the resting state of the contraction cycle called? - ANSWER>>rigor state The T-Tubules carry the ____ into the ____ - ANSWER>>Action Potential ; Muscle Excitation contraction cycle -the Feet --> Causes CA2+ release in SR ANSWER>>Depolarization of t-tubulues --> Changes in
Which type of troponin is the active binding site for calcium? - ANSWER>>Trop C What structure clears calcium out of a contracted muscle? -- these are also an ATPase ANSWER>>SERCA pumps
PCr System : What is the rate limiting enzyme? How long does it last? -10-15seconds ANSWER>>CK;
Why does glycogen skip using an ATP to produce G-6-P? -stored in the muscle and does not need to be transferred there unlike glucose ANSWER>>It is already
Which enzyme is the rate limiting enzyme for production of pyruvate? - ANSWER>>PFK How much ATP is produced in Glycolysis? - ANSWER>>Glucose - 2 Glycogen - 3Plus 2 NADH from either
This enzyme interacts with Pyruvate anaerobically to create Lactate - ANSWER>>LDH Pyruvate is turned into _______ via PDH enzyme, entering the aerobic metabolism -ANSWER>>Acetyl-CoA
Fatty Acid Metabolism occurs in the ____. - ANSWER>>Mitochondria FFAs come from two sources
- ___ -intramuscular ANSWER>>adipose cells
Triglycerides are catalyzed by _____ to form FFA - ANSWER>>Lipases FAT - CD36 transports FFA's to the ____Carnitine transports FFA's to the ______ - ANSWER>>FAT CD36 Transports FFA's to the muscle Carnitine transports FFA into the mitochondria B-Oxidation is the breakdown of ___ - ANSWER>>FFA's
ATP synthase allows ____ to cross the inner membrane down its concentration gradient- ANSWER>>hydrogen ions. This process provides energy and ATP is formed!
In the ETC, NADH yields ___ ATP and FADH yields ___. - ANSWER>>3, 2. ______ is the removal of nitrogen from ________ in the liver -protein ANSWER>>Deamination ,
What are the leftovers of deamination used for? -skeletons are used in gluconeogensis and fatty acid synthesis. ANSWER>>Leftover carbon
Transamination produces an _______ which can be used to make ATP -ANSWER>>Acetyl-CoA
What structure PRODUCES bile? - ANSWER>>Liver What structure STORES bile? - ANSWER>>Gallbladder Where does chyme, bile, and pancreatic juice mix? - ANSWER>>The duodenum Where is the "site of absorption"? - ANSWER>>Villi Liver and adipose are a) endogenous or b)exogenous sources of substrate -ANSWER>>Endogenous - they require energy
Glycogen is stored in the ______ - ANSWER>>liver Glycogenesis
- what is the enzyme?
- what is glycogen converted to?
- where is the glucose created released to? -2) Glycogen is converted to G6P, then to glucose by G6PHOS ANSWER>>1) The enzyme is PHOS
- The glucose is released into the blood stream Gluconeogenesis uses what two ingredients to form glucose? -Glycerol ANSWER>>Protein and
Gluconeogenesis
- What is the enzyme?2) What is converted to G6P, then to glucose? - ANSWER>>1) PEPCK
- Lactate, Amino Acids, Pyruvate What enzyme turns G6P into glucose? - ANSWER>>G6P PHOS The liver can also turn glucose into FFA's. It can either store it or -it to other tissues for metabolism ANSWER>>Release
The liver converting glucose to triglycerides and shipping them off for other cells to useis called - ANSWER>>Lipolysis
Cirrhosis decreases FFA's in the blood during exercise and also _____ levels. -ANSWER>>Glucose
What is the main function of adipose tissue? -needed. ANSWER>>To store and release fat as
Which two substances combine to form a triglyceride during Re-Esterification? -
Insulin promotes glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and _______. -storage (re-esterification, Fatty acid synthesis) ANSWER>>Fat
Insulin is secreted from what cells in the pancreas? - ANSWER>>B(beta) cells Insulin moves which two molecules to adipose tissue membrane resulting in a glucoseuptake and fat storage? - ANSWER>>FAT-CD36 and GLUT
Glucogen promotes the mobilization of fat and which two liver processes? -ANSWER>>Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Glucogen is secreted in response to what change in blood sugar? -in blood sugar ANSWER>>A drop
In type one diabetes, the body destroys its own beta cells and can't produce insulin.What happens in type 2? - ANSWER>>Cells become resistant to insulin, and the B-cells become overworked and often die. Epi and NorEpi ________ lipolysis and glycogen breakdown in liver -ANSWER>>stimulate
