Lab Report for Anatomy Physiology, Lab Reports of Anatomy

Download Lab Report for Anatomy Physiology and more Lab Reports Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

Cranial Nerves and Special

Senses

Vagus (X)

Vestibulocochlear

(VIII)

Hypoglossal (XII)

Olfactory bulb

Olfactory tract

Optic tract

Olfactory (I)

(many small projections)

Optic (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Trigeminal (V)

Abducens (VI)

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal

(IX)

Accessory (XI)

Cranial Nerves

• Nerves = bundles of axons in the PNS
• Tracts = bundles of axons in the CNS

On Old Olympus, Towering Top, A Fin and German View a Hop

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How

• Exteroceptors: sensitive to stimuli in the external environment, and typically they are found close to the body surface. Exteroceptors include the simple cutaneous receptors in the skin and the highly specialized receptors of the special senses.
• Interoceptors, or visceroceptors: respond to stimuli arising within the body. Interoceptors are found in the internal visceral organs and include stretch receptors (in walls of hollow organs), chemoreceptors, and others.
• Proprioceptors: respond to internal stimuli but are restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles. They provide information about body movements and position by monitoring the amount of stretch of those structures.

Light Vitreous humor

Electrical signals

Cone

Rod

Axons

Retina

Pigment layer

Photoreceptor cells

Bipolar cell layer

Choroid

Sclera

Ganglion cell

layer

Retina = photoreceptor cells

Practice!

Coats of the Eyeball

Tunics of the eyeball

1. Sclera = outermost layer; opaque white connective tissue. Helps to maintain shape of eyeball and provides an attachment point for extrinsic eye muscles 2. Choroid = second layer; many blood vessels and contains a dark brown pigment, melanin. Blood vessels nourish other layers of eye, and melanin helps to absorb excess light 3. Retina = innermost receptor layer contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that respond to light and convert light energy into action potentials that travel to primary visual cortex of brain

Retina

Choroid

Sclera

Figure 15.4a Central artery and vein of the retina Optic disc (blind spot) Optic nerve Retina Choroid Sclera Diagrammatic view. The vitreous humor is illustrated only in the bottom part of the eyeball. Cornea Iris Pupil Anterior segment (contains aqueous humor) Lens Posterior segment (contains vitreous humor) Ciliary muscle Suspensory ligament

Sclera

Cornea

Cow Eye

Pupil

External

acoustic

meatus

Auricle

(pinna)

(a) The three regions of the ear

Helix

Lobule

Pharyngotympanic

(auditory) tube

Tympanic

membrane

External

ear

Middle

ear

Internal ear

(labyrinth)

• Pinna (auricle) THE OUTER EAR
  • Collects and directs sound waves into external acoustic meatus
• Tympanic membrane
  • Vibrates as sound waves enter ear and transmits vibrations to auditory ossicles

Figure 15.25a