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Law students are most important document required, Cheat Sheet of Constitutional Law

Constitution of India this is most important topic

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2022/2023

Uploaded on 09/14/2023

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÷Ê⁄UÃ

∑§Ê

‚¢ÁflœÊŸ

÷Ê⁄Uà ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U

ÁflÁœ •ÊÒ⁄U ãÿÊÿ ◊¢òÊÊ‹ÿ

(ÁflœÊÿË Áfl÷ʪ)

⁄UÊ¡÷Ê·Ê πá«U

Ÿß¸ ÁŒÀ‹Ë-vvÆ ÆÆv

mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝∑§ÊÁ‡ÊÃ

¡ÒŸ∑§Ù •Ê≈¸U ߢÁ«UÿÊ

vx/vÆ, «UéÀÿÍ.߸.∞., ∑§⁄UÙ‹ ’ʪ,

Ÿß¸ ÁŒÀ‹Ë-vvÆ ÆÆz

mÊ⁄UÊ ◊ÈÁº˝Ã–

¬˝ÊÄ∑§ÕŸ

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∞∑§ ∞‚Ê ¡Ëflãà Á‹Áπà ŒSÃÊfl¡ „ÒU Á¡‚‚ ‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ‚¢øÊÁ‹Ã „UÙÃË „ÒU– ß‚∑§Ë ‚ÈŸêÿÃÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚ıêÿÃÊ ß‚∑§ ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸÙ¥ ◊¥ •ãÃÁŸ¸Á„Uà „ÒU– ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ∑§ ß‚ ‚¢S∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ù, Á¡‚◊¥ ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (∞∑§ ‚ıflÊ¢ ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸ) •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, wÆvz Ã∑§ ∑§, Á¡‚◊¥ ÷Ê⁄Uà •ÊÒ⁄U ’ʢNjʌ‡Ê ∑§Ë ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ëø ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§ •¡¸Ÿ •ÊÒ⁄U •ãÃ⁄UáÊ ∑§ éÿı⁄‘U •¢ÃÁfl¸c≈U „Ò¥U •ÊÒ⁄U Á¡‚ ß‚◊¥ ©U¬Ê’¢œ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU, ‚¢‚Œ˜ mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§∞ ª∞ ‚÷Ë ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã „Ò¥U, •lß ∑§⁄U ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU–

‚¢ÁflœÊŸ ¡ê◊Í-∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ù, •ŸÈë¿UŒ x|Æ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (¡ê◊Í-∑§‡◊Ë⁄U ∑§Ù ‹ÊªÍ „UÙŸÊ) •ÊŒ‡Ê, v~zy ◊¥ ÿÕÊ ©U¬’¢ÁœÃ ∑ȧ¿U •¬flʌ٥ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬Ê¢Ã⁄UáÊÙ¥ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ‹ÊªÍ „UÙÃÊ „ÒU– ÿ„U •ÊŒ‡Ê ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ∑§Ë ‚ÈÁflœÊ ∑§Ë ŒÎÁc≈U ‚ ¬Á⁄UÁ‡Êc≈U v ◊¥ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU– •¬flʌ٥ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬Ê¢Ã⁄UáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬ÈŸ∑¸§ÕŸ ¬Á⁄UÁ‡Êc≈U w ◊¥ ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU–

‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (øflʋ˂flÊ¢ ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸ) •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, v~|} •ÊÒ⁄U ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (•ΔUÊ‚ËflÊ¢ ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸ) •ÁœÁŸÿ◊, wÆÆx ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ‚¢flÒœÊÁŸ∑§ ‚¢‡ÊÙœŸÙ¥ ∑§, ¡Ù •÷Ë Ã∑§ ¬˝flÎûÊ Ÿ„UË¥ „ÈU∞ „Ò¥U, ¬ÊΔU ∑§Ù ‚◊ÈÁøÃ SÕÊŸÙ¥ ¬⁄U ‚Áê◊Á‹Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „ÒU–

Ÿß¸ ÁŒÀ‹Ë; «UÊÚ. ¡Ë. ŸÊ⁄UÊÿáÊ ⁄UÊ¡Í, ~ Ÿflê’⁄U wÆvz ‚Áøfl, ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U–

‚¢ˇÊ¬ÊˇÊ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÍøË

  • ....................................................................... •‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ –

∑§Ê.•Ê. ................................................................. ∑§ÊŸÍŸË •ÊŒ‡Ê –

∑§Ê.ÁŸ.•Ê. ............................................................. ∑§ÊŸÍŸË ÁŸÿ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U •ÊŒ‡Ê –

‚¢.•Ê. .................................................................. ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ •ÊŒ‡Ê –

¬Î. ....................................................................... ¬ÎcΔU –

‚¢. ....................................................................... ‚¢ÅÿÊ¢∑§ (Ÿê’⁄U) –

‚◊ÃÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

vy. ÁflÁœ ∑§ ‚◊ˇÊ ‚◊ÃÊ .......................................................................... } vz. œ◊¸, ◊Í‹fl¢‡Ê, ¡ÊÁÃ, Á‹¢ª ÿÊ ¡ã◊SÕÊŸ ∑§ •ÊœÊ⁄U ¬⁄U Áfl÷Œ ∑§Ê ¬˝Á÷œ ...... } v{. ‹Ù∑§ ÁŸÿÙ¡Ÿ ∑§ Áfl·ÿ ◊¥ •fl‚⁄U ∑§Ë ‚◊ÃÊ ........................................ ~ v|. •S¬Î‡ÿÃÊ ∑§Ê •¢Ã ............................................................................... vÆ v}. ©U¬ÊÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê •¢Ã................................................................................. vÆ

SflÊâòÿ-•Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

v~. flÊ∑§˜-SflÊâòÿ •ÊÁŒ Áfl·ÿ∑§ ∑ȧ¿U •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ........................... vv wÆ. •¬⁄Uʜ٥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ŒÙ·Á‚Áh ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ..................................... vx wv. ¬˝ÊáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ŒÒÁ„U∑§ SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§Ê ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ..................................................... vx wv∑§. Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ............................................................................... vx ww. ∑ȧ¿U Œ‡ÊÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ Áª⁄UçÃÊ⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŸ⁄UÙœ ‚ ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ..................................... vx

‡ÊÙ·áÊ ∑§ ÁflL§h •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

wx. ◊ÊŸfl ∑§ ŒÈ√ÿʸ¬Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ’‹ÊØüÊ◊ ∑§Ê ¬˝Á÷œ ......................................... v{ wy. ∑§Ê⁄UπÊŸÙ¥ •ÊÁŒ ◊¥ ’Ê‹∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ÁŸÿÙ¡Ÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝Á÷œ ................................. v{

œ◊¸ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

wz. •¢Ã—∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë •ÊÒ⁄U œ◊¸ ∑§ •’Êœ M§¬ ‚ ◊ÊŸŸ, •Êø⁄UáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝øÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ........................................................................................ v{ w{. œÊÁ◊¸∑§ ∑§ÊÿÙZ ∑§ ¬˝’¢œ ∑§Ë SflâòÊÃÊ ...................................................... v| w|. Á∑§‚Ë ÁflÁ‡Êc≈U œ◊¸ ∑§Ë •Á÷flÎÁh ∑§ Á‹∞ ∑§⁄UÙ¥ ∑§ ‚¢ŒÊÿ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ SflâòÊÃÊ ............................................................................................... v| w}. ∑ȧ¿U Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ‚¢SÕÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ œÊÁ◊¸∑§ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ÿÊ œÊÁ◊¸∑§ ©U¬Ê‚ŸÊ ◊¥ ©U¬ÁSÕà „UÙŸ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ SflâòÊÃÊ .............................................................................. v|

‚¢S∑ΧÁà •ÊÒ⁄U Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ‚¢’¢œË •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

w~. •À¬‚¢Åÿ∑§ flªÙZ ∑§ Á„UÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ................................................... v} xÆ. Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ‚¢SÕÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê •À¬‚¢Åÿ∑§ flªÙZ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U .............................................................................................. v} xv. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚à –] ....................................................................................... v}

∑ȧ¿U ÁflÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊflÎÁûÊ

xv∑§. ‚¢¬ŒÊ•Ê¥ •ÊÁŒ ∑§ •¡¸Ÿ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©U¬’¢œ ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ë ÁflÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊflÎÁûÊ ..... v} xvπ. ∑ȧ¿U •ÁœÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁflÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§Ê ÁflÁœ◊Êãÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ................................... wv xvª. ∑ȧ¿U ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ ÃàflÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬˝÷ÊflË ∑§⁄UŸ flÊ‹Ë ÁflÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë √ÿÊflÎÁûÊ ............... wv xvÉÊ. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚à –] ....................................................................................... ww

‚Ê¢ÁflœÊÁŸ∑§ ©U¬øÊ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U

xw. ß‚ ÷ʪ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝ŒûÊ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬˝flÁøà ∑§⁄UÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©U¬øÊ⁄U ............ ww xw∑§. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚à –] ....................................................................................... ww

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

(ii) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

xx. ß‚ ÷ʪ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝ŒûÊ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê, ’‹Ù¥ •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ù ‹ÊªÍ „UÙŸ ◊¥, ©U¬Ê¢Ã⁄UáÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà .................................................................... ww xy. ¡’ Á∑§‚Ë ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ‚ŸÊ ÁflÁœ ¬˝flÎûÊ „ÒU Ã’ ß‚ ÷ʪ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝ŒûÊ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ¬⁄U ÁŸ’¸ãœŸ ......................................................................................... wx xz. ß‚ ÷ʪ ∑§ ©U¬’¢œÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬˝÷ÊflË ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁflœÊŸ ........................... wx

÷ʪ y

⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ŸËÁà ∑§ ÁŸŒ‡Ê∑§ Ãàfl

x{. ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê .............................................................................................. wz x|. ß‚ ÷ʪ ◊¥ •¢ÃÁfl¸c≈U ÃàflÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‹ÊªÍ „UÙŸÊ ............................................. wz x}. ⁄UÊÖÿ ‹Ù∑§ ∑§ÀÿÊáÊ ∑§Ë •Á÷flÎÁh ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ √ÿflSÕÊ ’ŸÊ∞ªÊ ..... wz x~. ⁄UÊÖÿ mÊ⁄UÊ •ŸÈ‚⁄UáÊËÿ ∑ȧ¿U ŸËÁà Ãàfl .................................................... wz x~∑§. ‚◊ÊŸ ãÿÊÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁŸ—‡ÊÈÀ∑§ ÁflÁœ∑§ ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ............................................ w{ yÆ. ª˝Ê◊ ¬¢øÊÿÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢ªΔUŸ ...................................................................... w{ yv. ∑ȧ¿U Œ‡ÊÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ ∑§Ê◊, Á‡ÊˇÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‹Ù∑§ ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ¬ÊŸ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ........... w{ yw. ∑§Ê◊ ∑§Ë ãÿÊÿ‚¢ªÃ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÊŸflÙÁøÃ Œ‡ÊÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ÃÕÊ ¬˝‚ÍÁà ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ∑§Ê ©U¬’¢œ ................................................................................................ w{ yx. ∑§◊¸∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸflʸ„U •ÊÒ⁄U ◊¡ŒÍ⁄UË •ÊÁŒ ........................................... w| yx∑§. ©Ul٪٥ ∑§ ¬˝’¢œ ◊¥ ∑§◊¸∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÷ʪ ‹ŸÊ ........................................... w| yxπ. ‚„U∑§Ê⁄UË ‚Ù‚ÊßÁ≈UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢flœ¸Ÿ ............................................................. w| yy. ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§Ù¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ‚◊ÊŸ Á‚Áfl‹ ‚¢Á„UÃÊ .......................................... w| yz. ¿U„U fl·¸ ‚ ∑§◊ •ÊÿÈ ∑§ ’Ê‹∑§Ù¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝Ê⁄¢UÁ÷∑§ ’ÊÀÿÊflSÕÊ Œπ-⁄‘Uπ •ÊÒ⁄U Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ∑§Ê ©U¬’¢œ ................................................................................. w| y{. •ŸÈ‚ÍÁøÃ ¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥, •ŸÈ‚ÍÁøÃ ¡Ÿ¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U •ãÿ ŒÈ’¸‹ flªÙZ ∑§ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U •Õ¸ ‚¢’¢œË Á„UÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë •Á÷flÎÁh ............................................................. w| y|. ¬Ù·Ê„UÊ⁄U SÃ⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ¡ËflŸ SÃ⁄U ∑§Ù ™¢§øÊ ∑§⁄UŸ ÃÕÊ ‹Ù∑§ SflÊSâÿ ∑§Ê ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ∑§Ã¸√ÿ .................................................................... w| y}. ∑ΧÁ· •ÊÒ⁄U ¬‡ÊȬʋŸ ∑§Ê ‚¢ªΔUŸ ............................................................. w} y}∑§. ¬ÿʸfl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ ÃÕÊ ‚¢flœ¸Ÿ •ÊÒ⁄U flŸ ÃÕÊ flãÿ ¡ËflÙ¥ ∑§Ë ⁄UˇÊÊ ....... w} y~. ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ◊„Uàfl ∑§ ‚¢S◊Ê⁄U∑§Ù¥, SÕÊŸÙ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U flSÃÈ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢⁄UˇÊáÊ .................... w} zÆ. ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ‚ ãÿÊÿ¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ∑§Ê ¬ÎÕ∑§˜∑§⁄UáÊ ............................................ w} zv. •¢Ã⁄Uʸc≈˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊ¢Áà •ÊÒ⁄U ‚È⁄UˇÊÊ ∑§Ë •Á÷flÎÁh .............................................. w}

÷ʪ y∑§

◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ

zv∑§. ◊Í‹ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ.......................................................................................... w~

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (iii)

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

|z. ◊¢ÁòÊÿÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ •ãÿ ©U¬’¢œ ............................................................. yv

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ◊„UÊãÿÊÿflÊŒË

|{. ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ◊„UÊãÿÊÿflÊŒË ......................................................................... yw

‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ

||. ÷Ê⁄Uà ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ ....................................................... yw |}. ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ù ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ŒŸ •ÊÁŒ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¬˝œÊŸ ◊¢òÊË ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ ......... yx

•äÿÊÿ w—‚¢‚Œ˜

‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ

|~. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ ................................................................................. yx }Æ. ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ ......................................................................... yy }v. ‹Ù∑§ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ ......................................................................... yy }w. ¬˝àÿ∑§ ¡ŸªáÊŸÊ ∑§ ¬‡øÊØ ¬ÈŸ—‚◊ÊÿÙ¡Ÿ ............................................... y{ }x. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§ ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§Ë •flÁœ ................................................................... y| }y. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ •„¸UÃÊ ........................................................ y| }z. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§ ‚òÊ, ‚òÊÊfl‚ÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁflÉÊ≈UŸ .................................................... y| }{. ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ◊¥ •Á÷÷Ê·áÊ ∑§Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ©UŸ∑§Ù ‚¢Œ‡Ê ÷¡Ÿ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U .............................................................................................. y} }|. ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ê Áfl‡Ê· •Á÷÷Ê·áÊ ............................................................... y} }}. ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ ◊¢ÁòÊÿÙ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊„UÊãÿÊÿflÊŒË ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ......................... y}

‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË

}~. ⁄UÊÖÿ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ê ‚÷ʬÁà •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ................................................ y~ ~Æ. ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ∑§Ê ¬Œ Á⁄UÄà „UÙŸÊ, ¬Œàÿʪ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ............ y~ ~v. ‚÷ʬÁà ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ÿÊ ‚÷ʬÁà ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ÿÊ •ãÿ √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ............................ y~ ~w. ¡’ ‚÷ʬÁà ÿÊ ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ∑§Ù ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Ù߸ ‚¢∑§À¬ ÁfløÊ⁄Uʜ˟U „ÒU Ã’ ©U‚∑§Ê ¬ËΔUʂ˟ Ÿ „UÙŸÊ ............................................................ zÆ ~x. ‹Ù∑§ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ê •äÿˇÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ..................................................... zÆ ~y. •äÿˇÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ∑§Ê ¬Œ Á⁄UÄà „UÙŸÊ, ¬Œ àÿʪ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ................................................................................................... zÆ ~z. •äÿˇÊ ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ÿÊ •äÿˇÊ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ÿÊ •ãÿ √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ................................................ zv ~{. ¡’ •äÿˇÊ ÿÊ ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ∑§Ù ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Ù߸ ‚¢∑§À¬ ÁfløÊ⁄Uʜ˟ „ÒU Ã’ ©U‚∑§Ê ¬ËΔUʂ˟ Ÿ „UÙŸÊ................................................................. zv

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (v)

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

~|. ‚÷ʬÁà •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ÃÕÊ •äÿˇÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ∑§ flß •ÊÒ⁄U ÷ûÊ ......... zv ~}. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§Ê ‚ÁøflÊ‹ÿ ............................................................................ zw

∑§Êÿ¸ ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ

~~. ‚ŒSÿÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ‡Ê¬Õ ÿÊ ¬˝ÁÃôÊÊŸ .............................................................. zw vÆÆ. ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ◊Ìʟ, Á⁄UÁÄÃÿÙ¥ ∑§ „UÙÃ „ÈU∞ ÷Ë ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà •ÊÒ⁄U ªáʬÍÁø ........................................................................................ zw

‚ŒSÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸ⁄U„¸UÃÊ∞¢

vÆv. SÕÊŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê Á⁄UÄà „UÙŸÊ ........................................................................... zx vÆw. ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸ⁄U„¸UÃÊ∞¢ .................................................................... zy vÆx. ‚ŒSÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸ⁄U„¸UÃÊ•Ê¥ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ¬˝‡ŸÙ¥ ¬⁄U ÁflÁŸ‡øÿ ............................. zz vÆy. •ŸÈë¿UŒ ~~ ∑§ •œËŸ ‡Ê¬Õ ‹Ÿ ÿÊ ¬˝ÁÃôÊÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ‚ ¬„U‹ ÿÊ •Á„¸Uà Ÿ „UÙÃ „ÈU∞ ÿÊ ÁŸ⁄UÁ„¸Uà Á∑§∞ ¡ÊŸ ¬⁄U ’ÒΔUŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊à ŒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‡ÊÊÁSà ......... zz

‚¢‚Œ˜ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§ ‚ŒSÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢, Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ©Uã◊ÈÁÄÃÿÊ¢

vÆz. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ∑§ ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÃÕÊ ©UŸ∑§ ‚ŒSÿÙ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢, Áfl‡Ê·ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÁŒ ............................................................................... z{ vÆ{. ‚ŒSÿÙ¥ ∑§ flß •ÊÒ⁄U ÷ûÊ .................................................................... z|

ÁflœÊÿË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ

vÆ|. Áflœÿ∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ¬È⁄U—SÕʬŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬ÊÁ⁄Uà Á∑§∞ ¡ÊŸ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ©U¬’¢œ .......... z| vÆ}. ∑ȧ¿U Œ‡ÊÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ ŒÙŸÙ¥ ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÿÈÄà ’ÒΔU∑§ ........................................ z| vÆ~. œŸ Áflœÿ∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê· ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ............................................... z~ vvÆ. ““œŸ Áflœÿ∑§”” ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê ................................................................ {Æ vvv. Áflœÿ∑§Ù¥ ¬⁄U •ŸÈ◊Áà ............................................................................ {v

ÁflûÊËÿ Áfl·ÿÙ¥ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ

vvw. flÊÁ·¸∑§ ÁflûÊËÿ Áflfl⁄UáÊ .......................................................................... {w vvx. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ◊¥ ¬˝ÊÄ∑§‹ŸÙ¥ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ................................................ {x vvy. ÁflÁŸÿÙª Áflœÿ∑§ ................................................................................. {x vvz. •ŸÈ¬Í⁄U∑§, •ÁÃÁ⁄UÄà ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ •ŸÈŒÊŸ ................................................... {y vv{. ‹πʟȌʟ, ¬˝àÿÿʟȌʟ •ÊÒ⁄U •¬flʌʟȌʟ................................................ {z vv|. ÁflûÊ Áflœÿ∑§Ù¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê· ©U¬’¢œ ................................................ {z

‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊÃÿÊ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ

vv}. ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ÁŸÿ◊ ................................................................................. {{ vv~. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ◊¥ ÁflûÊËÿ ∑§Êÿ¸ ‚¢’¢œË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê ÁflÁœ mÊ⁄UÊ ÁflÁŸÿ◊Ÿ ................. {| vwÆ. ‚¢‚Œ˜ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ÷Ê·Ê ..................................................... {|

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

(vi) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

vyx. ©UëøÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ‚ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ...................... }Æ vyy. Á‚Áfl‹ •ÊÒ⁄U ãÿÊÁÿ∑§ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ©UëøÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ .................................................................................. }v vyy∑§. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚Ö] .......................................................................................... }v vyz. ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§ ÁŸÿ◊ •ÊÁŒ ...................................................................... }v vy{. ©UëøÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U ‚fl∑§ ÃÕÊ √ÿÿ ............................. }x vy|. ÁŸfl¸øŸ ............................................................................................... }y

•äÿÊÿ z—÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ÁŸÿ¢òÊ∑§-◊„UÊ‹πʬ⁄UˡÊ∑§

vy}. ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ÁŸÿ¢òÊ∑§-◊„UÊ‹πʬ⁄UˡÊ∑§ .......................................................... }y vy~. ÁŸÿ¢òÊ∑§-◊„UÊ‹πʬ⁄UˡÊ∑§ ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ •ÊÒ⁄U ‡ÊÁÄÃÿÊ¢ ..................................... }z vzÆ. ‚¢ÉÊ ∑§ •ÊÒ⁄U ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ‹πÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝M§¬ .............................................. }z vzv. ‚¢¬⁄UˡÊÊ ¬˝ÁÃflŒŸ .................................................................................. }{

÷ʪ {

⁄UÊÖÿ

•äÿÊÿ v—‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ

vzw. ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê .............................................................................................. }|

•äÿÊÿ w—∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê

⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹

vzx. ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ............................................................................... }| vzy. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ‡ÊÁÄà ................................................................. }| vzz. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ........................................................................... }| vz{. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ¬ŒÊflÁœ ........................................................................... }} vz|. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ÁŸÿÈÄà „UÙŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ •„¸UÃÊ∞¢ .................................................. }} vz}. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‡ÊÃZ .............................................................. }} vz~. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ mÊ⁄UÊ ‡Ê¬Õ ÿÊ ¬˝ÁÃôÊÊŸ ............................................................ }~ v{Æ. ∑ȧ¿U •Ê∑§ÁS◊∑§ÃÊ•Ê¥ ◊¥ ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§ ∑ΧàÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸfl¸„UŸ ........................... }~ v{v. ˇÊ◊Ê •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ë •ÊÒ⁄U ∑ȧ¿U ◊Ê◊‹Ù¥ ◊¥ Œ¢«UÊŒ‡Ê ∑§ ÁŸ‹¢’Ÿ, ¬Á⁄U„UÊ⁄U ÿÊ ‹ÉÊÈ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà .......................................................... }~ v{w. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸¬ÊÁ‹∑§Ê ‡ÊÁÄà ∑§Ê ÁflSÃÊ⁄U ................................................ }~

◊¢ÁòÊ-¬Á⁄U·Œ˜

v{x. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ù ‚„UÊÿÃÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ‚‹Ê„U ŒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ◊¢ÁòÊ-¬Á⁄U·Œ˜ ..................... ~Æ v{y. ◊¢ÁòÊÿÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ •ãÿ ©U¬’¢œ ............................................................. ~Æ

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

(viii) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ◊„UÊÁœflÄÃÊ

v{z. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ◊„UÊÁœflÄÃÊ ............................................................................ ~w

‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ

v{{. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ë ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§Ê ‚¢øÊ‹Ÿ .................................................. ~w v{|. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ù ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ŒŸ •ÊÁŒ ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ ◊ÈÅÿ◊¢òÊË ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ........... ~x

•äÿÊÿ x—⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§Ê ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹

‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ

v{}. ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹Ù¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ .......................................................... ~x v{~. ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ◊¥ ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©Uà‚ÊŒŸ ÿÊ ‚ΡŸ ...................................... ~y v|Æ. ÁflœÊŸ ‚÷Ê•Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ .................................................................... ~y v|v. ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·ŒÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ .................................................................... ~{ v|w. ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹Ù¥ ∑§Ë •flÁœ........................................................ ~| v|x. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§Ë ‚ŒSÿÃÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ •„¸UÃÊ ................................ ~| v|y. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§ ‚òÊ, ‚òÊÊfl‚ÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁflÉÊ≈UŸ ............................ ~} v|z. ‚ŒŸ ÿÊ ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ◊¥ •Á÷÷Ê·áÊ ∑§Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ©UŸ∑§Ù ‚¢Œ‡Ê ÷¡Ÿ ∑§Ê ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ........................................................................................ ~} v|{. ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ê Áfl‡Ê· •Á÷÷Ê·áÊ .............................................................. ~~ v||. ‚ŒŸÙ¥ ∑§ ’Ê⁄‘U ◊¥ ◊¢ÁòÊÿÙ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊„UÊÁœflÄÃÊ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ........................... ~~

⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË

v|}. ÁflœÊŸ ‚÷Ê ∑§Ê •äÿˇÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ................................................... ~~ v|~. •äÿˇÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ∑§Ê ¬Œ Á⁄UÄà „UÙŸÊ, ¬Œàÿʪ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ................................................................................................... ~~ v}Æ. •äÿˇÊ ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ÿÊ •äÿˇÊ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ÿÊ •ãÿ √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ........................................ vÆÆ v}v. ¡’ •äÿˇÊ ÿÊ ©U¬ÊäÿˇÊ ∑§Ù ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Ù߸ ‚¢∑§À¬ ÁfløÊ⁄Uʜ˟ „ÒU Ã’ ©U‚∑§Ê ¬ËΔUʂ˟ Ÿ „UÙŸÊ................................................................. vÆÆ v}w. ÁflœÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ˜ ∑§Ê ‚÷ʬÁà •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ........................................... vÆv v}x. ‚÷ʬÁà •ÊÒ⁄U ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ∑§Ê ¬Œ Á⁄UÄà „UÙŸÊ, ¬Œàÿʪ •ÊÒ⁄U ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ......................................................................................... vÆv v}y. ‚÷ʬÁà ∑§ ¬Œ ∑§ ∑§Ã¸√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ÿÊ ‚÷ʬÁà ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ÿÊ •ãÿ √ÿÁÄà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ............................ vÆv v}z. ¡’ ‚÷ʬÁà ÿÊ ©U¬‚÷ʬÁà ∑§Ù ¬Œ ‚ „U≈UÊŸ ∑§Ê ∑§Ù߸ ‚¢∑§À¬ ÁfløÊ⁄Uʜ˟ „ÒU Ã’ ©U‚∑§Ê ¬ËΔUʂ˟ Ÿ „UÙŸÊ ............................................................ vÆw

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (ix)

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊÃÿÊ ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ

wÆ}. ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ÁŸÿ◊ ................................................................................. vv| wÆ~. ⁄UÊÖÿ ∑§ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ◊¥ ÁflûÊËÿ ∑§Êÿ¸ ‚¢’¢œË ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê ÁflÁœ mÊ⁄UÊ ÁflÁŸÿ◊Ÿ ............................................................................................. vv| wvÆ. ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ÷Ê·Ê ........................................... vv} wvv. ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ◊¥ øøÊ¸ ¬⁄U ÁŸ’ZœŸ.......................................................... vv~ wvw. ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§Ë ∑§Êÿ¸flÊÁ„UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¡Ê¢ø Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ ...... vv~

•äÿÊÿ y—⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ÁflœÊÿË ‡ÊÁÄÃ

wvx. ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§ ÁflüÊÊ¢ÁÃ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ •äÿÊŒ‡Ê ¬˝ÅÿÊÁ¬Ã ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ⁄UÊÖÿ¬Ê‹ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃ............................................................................................ vv~

•äÿÊÿ z—⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ

wvy. ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ .............................................................. vwv wvz. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê •Á÷‹π ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ „UÙŸÊ .......................................... vwv wv{. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ ..................................................................... vwv wv|. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§ ãÿÊÿÊœË‡Ê ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà •ÊÒ⁄U ©U‚∑§ ¬Œ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÃZ .......... vwv wv}. ©UëøÃ◊ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ∑ȧ¿U ©U¬’¢œÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ‹ÊªÍ „UÙŸÊ ........................................................................................... vwx wv~. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§ ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ ‡Ê¬Õ ÿÊ ¬˝ÁÃôÊÊŸ ............................. vwx wwÆ. SÕÊÿË ãÿÊÿÊœË‡Ê ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ¬‡øÊØ ÁflÁœ-√ÿfl‚Êÿ ¬⁄U ÁŸ’ZœŸ ................... vwy wwv. ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ∑§ flß •ÊÁŒ ..................................................................... vwy www. Á∑§‚Ë ãÿÊÿÊœË‡Ê ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ‚ ŒÍ‚⁄‘U ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ù •¢Ã⁄UáÊ ................................................................................................ vwy wwx. ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê⁄UË ◊ÈÅÿ ãÿÊÿ◊ÍÁø ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ..................................................... vwz wwy. •¬⁄U •ÊÒ⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸∑§Ê⁄UË ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ........................................... vwz wwy∑§. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ’ÒΔU∑§Ù¥ ◊¥ ‚flÊÁŸflÎûÊ ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄÃ.............. vw{ wwz. Áfll◊ÊŸ ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÃÊ ................................................ vw{ ww{. ∑ȧ¿U Á⁄U≈U ÁŸ∑§Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ë ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ................................... vw| ww{∑§. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚Ö] .......................................................................................... vw} ww|. ‚÷Ë ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§ •œËˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà ...................... vw~ ww}. ∑ȧ¿U ◊Ê◊‹Ù¥ ∑§Ê ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ù •¢Ã⁄UáÊ ........................................... vxÆ ww}∑§. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚Ö] .......................................................................................... vxÆ ww~. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË •ÊÒ⁄U ‚fl∑§ ÃÕÊ √ÿÿ ................................ vxÆ

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ (xi)

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)

wxÆ. ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÃÊ ∑§Ê ‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ¬⁄U ÁflSÃÊ⁄U ................. vxv wxv. ŒÙ ÿÊ •Áœ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ „UË ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ .......... vxw

•äÿÊÿ {—•œËŸSÕ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ

wxx. Á¡‹Ê ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄà ................................................................ vxw wxx∑§. ∑ȧ¿U Á¡‹Ê ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁŸÿÈÁÄÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ÊÒ⁄U ©UŸ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ Á∑§∞ ª∞ ÁŸáʸÿÙ¥ •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ê ÁflÁœ◊Êãÿ∑§⁄UáÊ ............................................................ vxx wxy. ãÿÊÁÿ∑§ ‚flÊ ◊¥ Á¡‹Ê ãÿÊÿʜˇÊÙ¥ ‚ Á÷㟠√ÿÁÄÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÷Ã˸ ................. vxx wxz. •œËŸSÕ ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ¬⁄U ÁŸÿ¢òÊáÊ ............................................................. vxy wx{. ÁŸfl¸øŸ ............................................................................................... vxy wx|. ∑ȧ¿U flª¸ ÿÊ flªÙZ ∑§ ◊Á¡S≈˛U≈UÙ¥ ¬⁄U ß‚ •äÿÊÿ ∑§ ©U¬’¢œÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‹ÊªÍ „UÙŸÊ ................................................................................................... vxy

÷ʪ |

¬„U‹Ë •ŸÈ‚ÍøË ∑§ ÷ʪ π ∑§ ⁄UÊÖÿ

wx}. [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚Ö] .......................................................................................... vxz

÷ʪ }

‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊ

wx~. ‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ..................................................................... vx{ wx~∑§. ∑ȧ¿U ‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ SÕÊŸËÿ ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹Ù¥ ÿÊ ◊¢ÁòʬÁ⁄U·ŒÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÿÊ ŒÙŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚ΡŸ .............................................................................. vx{ wx~∑§∑§. ÁŒÀ‹Ë ∑§ ‚¢’¢œ ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê· ©U¬’¢œ ......................................................... vx| wx~∑§π. ‚Ê¢ÁflœÊÁŸ∑§ âòÊ ∑§ Áfl»§‹ „UÙ ¡ÊŸ ∑§Ë Œ‡ÊÊ ◊¥ ©U¬’¢œ.......................... vyÆ wx~π. ÁflœÊŸ-◊¢«U‹ ∑§ ÁflüÊÊ¢ÁÃ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ •äÿÊŒ‡Ê ¬˝ÅÿÊÁ¬Ã ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚∑§ ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄÃ............................................................................................ vyÆ wyÆ. ∑ȧ¿U ‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁflÁŸÿ◊ ’ŸÊŸ ∑§Ë ⁄UÊc≈˛U¬Áà ∑§Ë ‡ÊÁÄà .......... vyw wyv. ‚¢ÉÊ ⁄UÊÖÿˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§ Á‹∞ ©Uëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ................................................... vyx wyw. ∑§Ù«∏UªÍ [ÁŸ⁄UÁ‚Ö] ............................................................................... vyy

÷ʪ ~

¬¢øÊÿÃ

wyx. ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·Ê∞¢............................................................................................. vyz wyx∑§. ª˝Ê◊ ‚÷Ê ............................................................................................ vyz wyxπ. ¬¢øÊÿÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ªΔUŸ ................................................................................ vy{ wyxª. ¬¢øÊÿÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ ............................................................................. vy{

•ŸÈë¿UŒ ¬ÎcΔU

(xii) ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§Ê ‚¢ÁflœÊŸ

(Áfl·ÿ-‚ÍøË)