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DNA replication
semiconservativeS phase of the cell cycleoccurs in the
nucleus (eukaryotes)Occurs in the cytoplasm (prokaryotes)
TERM 2
Transcription
DEFINITION 2
RNA copy from DNA
TERM 3
Translation
DEFINITION 3
messenger RNA (mRNA)produced bytranscriptionis decoded
by theribosometo produce a specificamino acidchain,
orpolypeptide, that will laterfoldinto an active protein
TERM 4
Mechanism of Action of Reverse Transcriptase
DEFINITION 4
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase transcribes single-stranded
RNA into double-strandedDNA
TERM 5
Inhibitors and Protease Inhibitors
DEFINITION 5
enzyme inhibitor is amoleculethat binds toenzymesand
decreases theiractivityalpha 1-antitrypsin(A1AT, which is
abbreviated PI for this reason).[1]A1AT is indeed the
protease inhibitor most often involved in disease, namely
inalpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Biochemistry
chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living
organisms
TERM 7
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
DEFINITION 7
defective inherited gene that causes mucus in the lungs and
pancreasAffect: digestive system, lungs, male reproduction,
and sweat glands
TERM 8
Biomolecules
DEFINITION 8
Nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids
TERM 9
Macromolecules
DEFINITION 9
DNA / RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, membranes
TERM 10
diabetes is what type of syndrome?
DEFINITION 10
Metabolic
Structure determines ...?
biological function
TERM 17
Directionality
DEFINITION 17
means there is a starting point and an ending point. The
sequence of the molecules contains information that makes
sense only when read in the correct direction
TERM 18
hierarchy
DEFINITION 18
Simple Molecules are the Units for Building Complex
StructuresThe Unit of Life is the
CellOrganellesMembranesMacromoleculesMetabolites:
building blocks
TERM 19
what concentration must be very carefully
regulated?
DEFINITION 19
hydrogen ion (pH)
TERM 20
Most biological molecules exist in an....?
DEFINITION 20
aqueous environment
what percent of body weight is intracellular
and extracellular?
60% intracellular40% extracellular
TERM 22
what percent of body weight is water?
DEFINITION 22
50-60% adults75% children
TERM 23
examples of extracellular
water
DEFINITION 23
plasmainterstitialwater (tissues)transcellular fluid
(gastrointestinal secretions, urine, sweat and fluid leaking
through capillary walls (as in inflammation)
TERM 24
polarity of water
DEFINITION 24
hydrogen bonds and bent configuration give oxygen a partial
negative and hydrogen a partial positive
TERM 25
hydration shell
DEFINITION 25
ions are hydrated in waterbiomolecules like salt and polar
organic moleculesanions
pKa relates to
buffer capacity
TERM 32
how does the body maintain neutral pH while
acid is created
DEFINITION 32
exhaled through CO2Kidney's excrete NH
TERM 33
Buffers
DEFINITION 33
solutions that resist changes in pH as acid and base are
addedMost buffers consist of a weak acid and its conjugate
baseBuffer gives or receives protons to keep solution pH
stable pH=pKa is the the max buffer
TERM 34
Buffers can only be used reliably within...unit
of their pKa
DEFINITION 34
0.5 pH
TERM 35
Carbonic acid
DEFINITION 35
CO2 dissolves in H2O to produce carbonic acid or
H2CO3Carbonic acid is both the major acid produced by the
body as well as its buffercarbonic acid to converted into
bicarbonate and H ions and sent to the lungs via RBC
pH of blood
TERM 37
Bicarbonate buffer system
DEFINITION 37
shifts in the direction of lackinghigh CO2 forms more
bicarbonate and Hlow CO2 causes decrease in bicarbonate
and more CO
TERM 38
Hyperventiliation effect on bicarbonate buffer
system
DEFINITION 38
CO2 levels drop and so does the H levelspH
increasescausesrespiratory alkalosis
TERM 39
Hypoventilation
DEFINITION 39
breathing too shallow or slow to expel sufficient CO2CO
levels rise, system responds, blood [H+] rises, pH decreases:
respiratory acidosis
