Language Disorders in Early Childhood: Definitions, Dimensions, and Characteristics, Study notes of Communication

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Language Disorders of Early

Childhood

Define terms Discuss dimensions, causes, and characteristics of LD

Language Disorder

 difficulty with the comprehension and/or expression of one of the domains of language.  Various skills are impacted

Ways to talk about language

disorders

 Type  Delay vs. disorder vs. difference  Domain  Form, content, use  Modality  Receptive or expressive  Severity  Borderline, mild, moderate, severe, profound  Causation/Etiology

Causes of Language

Disorders

 Neurological/Central Nervous System problem (TBI)  Cognitive Deficits/developmental disability  Diminished/disordered perceptual information  Diminished environment (neglect)  Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Drug-Addicted Newborns  Family history of language disorder

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Assessment of Language

 Standardized Tests  (^) published instrument with normative data compares a child to other children based on age/grade.  (^) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4,  (^) Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-  (^) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUH2mVAkBrc  Criterion Referenced Tests  (^) Preschool Language Scale https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA5bkoY2H7o  Informal Measures  (^) elicitation of specific forms  Observation  Language Samples

Specific Language Impairment

(SLI) aka Developmental

Language Disorder (DLD)

 Language disorder not attributed to a known causation (anatomical, physical, intellectual, perceptual)  Child exhibits no deficits in hearing, oral structure and function, typical cognitive skills, or perception

A Parent’s Perspective

Language Disorders

Morpho-syntactic Problems

 Short, overly simple utterances  Rule learning difficulties  Fragmented sentences  Few morphemes (verb endings, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, articles, prepositions)  Small MLU

Semantic Disorders

 Limited expressive vocabulary, slow vocabulary growth  More concrete meanings (trouble with abstract concepts) or over-reliance on context to extract meaning  (^) Difficulty describing things  Difficulty with relational terms (spatial, temporal, comparative)  Anomia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Evk2OlR040I  (^) Naming difficulties/Word recall deficits  (^) child receptively knows a word but has trouble recalling it/using it to name things; may use nonspecific words (thingy, here)

Pragmatic Disorder

 Difficulty requesting clarification and/or responding to requests for clarification  Poor flexibility (different listeners, repairing breakdowns)  Difficulty turn-taking, maintaining topics, and initiating/completing conversations  Asocial monologues  Narrative difficulties

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)  Not a Specific Language Impairment 

1. social communication and interaction.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.  Sensory behaviors

Autism

 Not a Specific Language Impairment  “Unusual disturbances in social interaction, communication, [repetitive/stereotyped] behaviors, interests, and activities that affect the capacity to relate appropriately to people, events, and objects” (text p 95)

ASD In their own words…

Methods used for

Phonological Disorders

 Minimal Pair  (^) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qh5dyCusJHg  Core Vocabulary Intervention –  drill practice / drill play  (^) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koFtA3pbWhQ  Auditory Perception  Bombardment  “Goodness” Judgements https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLuZdiX7Wrg